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10.3390/plants13141938
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Article

Genetic Characterization and Chemical Identification of Moroccan Cannabis sativa (L.) Seeds: Extraction, and In Vitro and In Silico Biological Evaluation

by
Amira Metouekel
1,
Fadwa Badrana
2,
Rabie Kachkoul
3,
Mohamed Chebaibi
4,
Mohamed Akhazzane
5,
Abdelfattah El Moussaoui
6,
Nadia Touil
7,
Hamid El Amri
2,
Elmostafa El Fahime
8,*,
Saïd El Kazzouli
1,* and
Nabil El Brahmi
1,*
1
Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
2
Institute of Genetic Analysis of the Royal Gendarmerie in Rabat (LRAM), Ibn Sina Av., Agdal, Rabat 10040, Morocco
3
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, BP 1893, Km 22, Road of Sidi Harazem, Fez 30000, Morocco
4
Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Fez 30000, Morocco
5
Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez 30000, Morocco
6
Plant Biotechnology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93002, Morocco
7
Cell Culture Unit, Center of Virology, Infectious, and Tropical Diseases, Mohammed V Military Hospital, Rabat 10040, Morocco
8
National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST), Angle Avenues des FAR and Allal El Fassi, Hay Ryad, Rabat 10102, Morocco
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2024, 13(14), 1938; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141938
Submission received: 18 December 2023 / Revised: 7 January 2024 / Accepted: 11 January 2024 / Published: 15 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Medicinal Plant Extracts)
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Abstract

This study investigated the molecular, phytochemical, and biological aspects of ten local Moroccan traditional landrace Cannabis seeds. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed using DNA barcode determination, revealing two distinct molecular profiles: “Cannabis, species sativa, subspecies indica” and “Cannabis, species sativa, subspecies sativa”. Furthermore, a new sequence was identified by sequencing of the THCA synthase coding gene. Chemical profiling via HPLC-ESI-FULL-MS and GC-MS-MS of AMSD1 maceration extracts revealed 13 non-volatile chemicals, including 3 inactive cannabinoids and 3 polyphenols, and 24 intriguing volatile compounds, including 7 previously unreported in Cannabis seed extracts. Moreover, the in vitro/in silico analysis provision of biological activities through their antioxidant power, antimicrobial effect, and cytotoxicity potency, as well as antiviral activity, were realized. These results contribute to a thorough comprehension of Moroccan Cannabis seeds, illuminating their molecular, phytochemical, and biological features. Furthermore, they highlight the seeds as a potential source of nutritious components with antioxidant properties, offering valuable insights for future research.
Keywords: Cannabis sativa; seeds; genetics; ITS gene; THCAS gene; Cannabisin; antioxidant; NADPH oxidase Cannabis sativa; seeds; genetics; ITS gene; THCAS gene; Cannabisin; antioxidant; NADPH oxidase

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MDPI and ACS Style

Metouekel, A.; Badrana, F.; Kachkoul, R.; Chebaibi, M.; Akhazzane, M.; El Moussaoui, A.; Touil, N.; El Amri, H.; El Fahime, E.; El Kazzouli, S.; et al. Genetic Characterization and Chemical Identification of Moroccan Cannabis sativa (L.) Seeds: Extraction, and In Vitro and In Silico Biological Evaluation. Plants 2024, 13, 1938. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141938

AMA Style

Metouekel A, Badrana F, Kachkoul R, Chebaibi M, Akhazzane M, El Moussaoui A, Touil N, El Amri H, El Fahime E, El Kazzouli S, et al. Genetic Characterization and Chemical Identification of Moroccan Cannabis sativa (L.) Seeds: Extraction, and In Vitro and In Silico Biological Evaluation. Plants. 2024; 13(14):1938. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141938

Chicago/Turabian Style

Metouekel, Amira, Fadwa Badrana, Rabie Kachkoul, Mohamed Chebaibi, Mohamed Akhazzane, Abdelfattah El Moussaoui, Nadia Touil, Hamid El Amri, Elmostafa El Fahime, Saïd El Kazzouli, and et al. 2024. "Genetic Characterization and Chemical Identification of Moroccan Cannabis sativa (L.) Seeds: Extraction, and In Vitro and In Silico Biological Evaluation" Plants 13, no. 14: 1938. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141938

APA Style

Metouekel, A., Badrana, F., Kachkoul, R., Chebaibi, M., Akhazzane, M., El Moussaoui, A., Touil, N., El Amri, H., El Fahime, E., El Kazzouli, S., & El Brahmi, N. (2024). Genetic Characterization and Chemical Identification of Moroccan Cannabis sativa (L.) Seeds: Extraction, and In Vitro and In Silico Biological Evaluation. Plants, 13(14), 1938. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141938

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