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Review

Chemical Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis

by
Eric S. Peeples
1,2,3,*,
Karoly Mirnics
2,4,5,6 and
Zeljka Korade
1,2,4
1
Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
2
Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
3
Division of Neonatology, Children’s Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68114, USA
4
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
5
Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
6
Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2024, 14(4), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040410
Submission received: 25 February 2024 / Revised: 22 March 2024 / Accepted: 26 March 2024 / Published: 28 March 2024

Abstract

Cholesterol is an essential molecule of life, and its synthesis can be inhibited by both genetic and nongenetic mechanisms. Hundreds of chemicals that we are exposed to in our daily lives can alter sterol biosynthesis. These also encompass various classes of FDA-approved medications, including (but not limited to) commonly used antipsychotic, antidepressant, antifungal, and cardiovascular medications. These medications can interfere with various enzymes of the post-lanosterol biosynthetic pathway, giving rise to complex biochemical changes throughout the body. The consequences of these short- and long-term homeostatic disruptions are mostly unknown. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature and built a catalogue of chemical agents capable of inhibiting post-lanosterol biosynthesis. This process identified significant gaps in existing knowledge, which fall into two main areas: mechanisms by which sterol biosynthesis is altered and consequences that arise from the inhibitions of the different steps in the sterol biosynthesis pathway. The outcome of our review also reinforced that sterol inhibition is an often-overlooked mechanism that can result in adverse consequences and that there is a need to develop new safety guidelines for the use of (novel and already approved) medications with sterol biosynthesis inhibiting side effects, especially during pregnancy.
Keywords: cholesterol; DHCR7; DHCR24; pharmaceutical inhibition of cholesterol synthesis cholesterol; DHCR7; DHCR24; pharmaceutical inhibition of cholesterol synthesis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Peeples, E.S.; Mirnics, K.; Korade, Z. Chemical Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040410

AMA Style

Peeples ES, Mirnics K, Korade Z. Chemical Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis. Biomolecules. 2024; 14(4):410. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040410

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peeples, Eric S., Karoly Mirnics, and Zeljka Korade. 2024. "Chemical Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis" Biomolecules 14, no. 4: 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040410

APA Style

Peeples, E. S., Mirnics, K., & Korade, Z. (2024). Chemical Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis. Biomolecules, 14(4), 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14040410

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