Universe, Volume 10, Issue 3

We present a novel background-independent framework for cosmic inflation, starting with a matrix model. In this framework, inflation is portrayed as a dynamic process responsible for the generation of both space and time. This stands in contrast to c...

Our main goal here is to conduct a comparative analysis between the well-known MOND theory and a more recent model called the $\kappa$-model. An additional connection, between the $\kappa$-model and two other novel MOND-type theories, Newtonian Fractio...

The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, and their behavior in astrophysical sources, remains an open question. Recently, new ways to address this question have been made possible by the observation of a new astrophysical messenger, namely neutrinos. T...

Recent developments in multi-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae have considerably improved our understanding of this complex phenomenon. In addition to that, one-dimensional (1D) studies have been employed to study the explosion mech...

The action of an ideal fluid in Euler variables with a variable number of particles is used for the phenomenological description of the processes of particle creation in strong external fields. It has been demonstrated that the conformal invariance o...

The ASTRI Mini-Array is an Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) project to build and operate an array of nine Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) at the Teide Astronomical Observatory of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias in Te...

This paper investigates the trajectory design problem in the scenario of a multiple Sun-synchronous Orbit (SSO) space debris flyby mission from a DRO space station. At first, the characteristics of non-planar transfer from DRO to SSO in the Earth&nda...

Various precise cosmological observations, e [...]

Simulations of structure formation in the standard cold dark matter cosmological model quantify the dark matter halos of galaxies. Taking into account dynamical friction between dark matter halos, we investigate the past orbital dynamical evolution o...

The emergence of a minimal observable length of order of the Planck scale is a prediction of many quantum theories of gravity. However, the question arises as to whether this is a real fundamental length affecting nature in all of its facets, includi...

We aim to constrain the stellar initial mass function (IMF) during the epoch of reionization. To this purpose, we build up a semi-empirical model for the reionization history of the Universe based on various ingredients: the latest determination of t...

A critical discussion on the $H_0$ Hubble constant tension is presented by considering both early and late-type observations. From recent precise measurements, discrepancies emerge when comparing results for some cosmological quantities obtained at diff...

The Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at RHIC aims to explore the QCD phase diagram, including the search for the evidence of the 1st order phase transition from hadronic matter to Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) and the location of the QCD critical point. One...

We investigate the orbital dynamics of an exosystem consisting of a solar-mass host star, a transiting body, and an Earth-size exoplanet within the framework of the generalized three-body problem. Depending on its mass, the transiting body can either...

We apply a very simple procedure to construct non-singular cosmological models for flat Friedmann universes filled with minimally coupled scalar fields or by tachyon Born–Infeld-type fields. Remarkably, for the minimally coupled scalar field an...

The quantum Hall effect under the influence of gravity and inertia is studied in a unified way. We make use of an algebraic approach, as opposed to an analytic approach. We examine how both the integer and the fractional quantum Hall effects behave u...

A survey of the calculations of the isovector axial vector form factor of the nucleon using lattice QCD is presented. Attention is paid to statistical and systematic uncertainties, in particular those due to excited state contributions. Based on a co...

We consider $f(R,T)$ modified theories of gravity in the context of string-theory-inspired dilaton gravity. We deal with a specific model that under certain conditions describes the late time Universe in accord with observational data in modern cosmolo...

We consider geodesic motions in Kerr–Sen–AdS₄ spacetime. We obtain equations of motion for light rays and test particles. Using parametric diagrams, we show some regions where radial and latitudinal geodesic motions are allowed. We analyz...

The present review article has attempted a compact formalism description of transport coefficient calculations for relativistic fluid, which is expected in heavy ion collision experiments. Here, we first address the macroscopic description of relativ...

During particle collisions in the vicinity of the horizon of black holes, it is possible to achieve energies and temperatures corresponding to phase transitions in particle physics. It is shown that the sizes of the regions of the new phase are of th...

We review the recent advances in the pulsar high-energy $\gamma$-ray observation and the electrodynamics of the pulsar magnetospheres from the early vacuum model to the recent plasma-filled models by numerical simulations. The numerical simulations ha...

Recent puzzling observations, such as the $H_0$ tension, large-scale anisotropies, and massive disk galaxies at high redshifts, have been challenging the standard cosmological model. While one possible explanation is that the standard model is incomplet...

$\beta$-decay is one of the key factors for understanding the r-process and evolution of massive stars. The Gamow–Teller (GT) transitions drive the $\beta$-decay process. We employ the proton–neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation...

A simple Lévy $\alpha$-stable (SL) model is used to describe the data on elastic $pp$ and $p\overline{p}$ scattering at low-$\left|t\right|$ from SPS energies up to LHC energies. The SL model is demonstrated to describe the data with a strong non-exponential feature...

The sPHENIX experiment is a state-of-the-art jet and heavy flavor physics detector, which successfully recorded its first Au + Au collision data at 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). sPHENIX will provide heavy flavor physics measu...

We demonstrate the equivalence of two different conjectures in the literature for the holographic entanglement negativity in AdS₃/CFT₂, modulo certain constants. These proposals involve certain algebraic sums of bulk geodesics homologous to specific...

This Special Issue of Universe is devoted to the most massive fundamental elementary particle known, the top quark [...]

The present paper is a modest attempt to initiate the research program outlined in this abstract. We propose that general relativity and relativistic MOND (RelMOND) are analogues of broken electroweak symmetry. That is, $SU{\left(2\right)}_R\times U{\left(1\right)}_{YDEM}\to U{(1}_{}$...

Scalar field $\varphi$CDM models provide an alternative to the standard $\Lambda$CDM paradigm, while being physically better motivated. Dynamical scalar field $\varphi$CDM models are divided into two classes: the quintessence (minimally and non-minimally in...

Continuous gravitational-wave (CW) signals are long-lasting quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals expected to be emitted by rapidly rotating non-axisymmetric neutron stars. Depending on the rotational frequency and sky location of the source...

In the original publication [...]

This review considers the theoretical approaches to the understanding of dark energy, which comprises approximately 68% of the energy of our Universe and explains the acceleration in its expansion. Following a discussion of the main approach based on...

We report the measurement of first-order event plane-correlated directed flow $\left(v_1\right)$ and triangular flow ($v_3$) for identified hadrons (${\pi }^{\pm }$, $K^{\pm }$, and p), net particle (net-K, net-p), and light nuclei (d and t) in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$...

Physical laws manifest themselves through the amalgamation of mathematical symbols, numbers, functions, geometries, and relationships. These intricate combinations unfold within a mathematical model devised to capture and represent the “objecti...

Using the projection evolution (PEv) approach, time can be included in quantum mechanics as an observable. Having the time operator, it is possible to explore the temporal structure of various quantum events. In the present paper, we discuss the poss...

We propose a non-exotic electromagnetic solution (within the standard model of particle physics) to the cosmological ⁷Li problem based upon a narrow 2 MeV photo-emission line from the decay of light glueballs (LGBs). These LGBs form within color supe...

Variability study at multi-frequency provides us with rich information of the emission and variation mechanism for blazars. In this work, we present a comprehensive multi-frequency analysis of the high-synchrotron-peaked (HSP) blazar Mrk 501, using $\&$...

We claim that quantum collapse, as per the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, follows naturally from the energetics of measurement. We argue that a realistic device generates an interaction energy that drives a random walk in Hilbert spa...

Recently, the rapidity-odd directed flow ($v_1$) of produced hadrons ($K^{-}$, $\varphi$, $\overline{p}$, $\overline{\Lambda }$, ${\overline{\Xi }}^{+}$, ${\Omega }^{-}$, and ${\overline{\Omega }}^{+}$) has been studied. Several combinations of these produced hadrons, with very small mass diff...

An attempt is made to describe from first principles the large-scale structure of the confining vacuum in quantum chromodynamics. Starting from our previous variational studies of the SU(2) pure gauge theory in an external Abelian chromomagnetic fiel...

After 25 years of the prediction of the possibility of observations, and despite the many hundreds of well-studied transiting exoplanet systems, we are still waiting for the announcement of the first confirmed exomoon. We follow the “cascade&rd...

The study of angular correlations of heavy-flavor particles in hadronic collisions can provide crucial insight into the heavy quark production, showering, and hadronization processes. The comparison with model predictions allows us to discriminate am...

The existence of even the simplest magnetized wormholes may lead to observable consequences. In the case where both the wormhole and the magnetic field around its mouths are static and spherically symmetric, and gas in the region near the wormhole fa...

In this study, we performed periodicity analyses of selected daily solar (flare index, coronal index, number of coronal mass ejections), geomagnetic (planetary equivalent range index, disturbance storm time index, interplanetary magnetic field) and c...

Recent measurements of the properties of the top quark at the CERN Large Hadron Collider are discussed. The results were measured for single and top quark pair production in their final states, including jets with either one or two leptons or only in...

We present a decade of observations of pulse arrival times for 85 pulsars using the Nanshan radio telescope from July 2002 to March 2014. The Cholesky method can accurately estimate the covariance function of the timing residuals, significantly impro...

By compressing matter to densities up to several times the density of atomic nuclei, the catastrophic gravitational collapse of the core of stars with a mass $M\gtrsim 8M_{\odot }$ during supernova explosions and the neutron star left behind (see, e [...]

We study the interaction of two discrete pomeron fields while considering mass mixing and the general structure of the interaction potential for pomerons within the framework for a functional renormalization group analysis of Reggeon field theory. We...

Measurements of femtoscopic correlations in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are used to unravel the space–time structure of the particle-emitting source (the quark–gluon plasma). Recent results indicate that the pion pair source exhibits...