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Volume 12
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Article

Rapid Screening of Proanthocyanidins from the Roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf and its Preventative Effects on Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis

by
Mengying Lv
1,2,*,†,
Yang Wang
1,2,†,
Xiayun Wan
1,2,
Bo Han
3,
Wei Yu
3,
Qiaoling Liang
1,2,
Jie Xiang
1,2,
Zheng Wang
4,
Yanqing Liu
1,2,
Yayun Qian
4,* and
Fengguo Xu
5,*
1
Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
2
The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou 225001, China
3
Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832002, China
4
Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
5
Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Metabolites 2022, 12(10), 957; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100957
Submission received: 14 September 2022 / Revised: 26 September 2022 / Accepted: 6 October 2022 / Published: 10 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Identification and Therapeutic Properties of Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants)
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Abstract

Proanthocyanidins (PACs) have been proven to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap (LTQ-Orbitrap) high-resolution mass spectrometry was first employed to systematically screen PACs from the roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf, and its ethyl acetate extract (ERE) was found to contain PAC monomers and A-type dimeric proanthocyanidins, which were tentatively identified through characteristic fragmentation patterns. In vitro, the antioxidant activity of ERE was tested through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. In addition, ERE could inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In vivo, the preventative effects on dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice was investigated. Mice were administered with ERE for 21 days, and during the last 7 days of the treatment period dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce experimental colitis. The results showed that ERE treatment alleviated DSS-induced colitis, which was characterized by decreases in disease activity index (DAI) scores, spleen index and colon levels of TNF-α and IL-6, mitigation in pathological damage and oxidative stress and increases in colon length and IL-10 levels. In conclusion, supplementation of PACs derived from ERE may offer a new strategy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Moreover, our research will greatly facilitate better utilization of Ephedra plants.
Keywords: proanthocyanidins; root of Ephedra sinica; the ethyl acetate extract; dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced ulcerative colitis; UPLC-LTQ-orbitrap mass spectrometry proanthocyanidins; root of Ephedra sinica; the ethyl acetate extract; dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced ulcerative colitis; UPLC-LTQ-orbitrap mass spectrometry
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MDPI and ACS Style

Lv, M.; Wang, Y.; Wan, X.; Han, B.; Yu, W.; Liang, Q.; Xiang, J.; Wang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Qian, Y.; et al. Rapid Screening of Proanthocyanidins from the Roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf and its Preventative Effects on Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. Metabolites 2022, 12, 957. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100957

AMA Style

Lv M, Wang Y, Wan X, Han B, Yu W, Liang Q, Xiang J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Qian Y, et al. Rapid Screening of Proanthocyanidins from the Roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf and its Preventative Effects on Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. Metabolites. 2022; 12(10):957. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100957

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lv, Mengying, Yang Wang, Xiayun Wan, Bo Han, Wei Yu, Qiaoling Liang, Jie Xiang, Zheng Wang, Yanqing Liu, Yayun Qian, and et al. 2022. "Rapid Screening of Proanthocyanidins from the Roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf and its Preventative Effects on Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis" Metabolites 12, no. 10: 957. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100957

APA Style

Lv, M., Wang, Y., Wan, X., Han, B., Yu, W., Liang, Q., Xiang, J., Wang, Z., Liu, Y., Qian, Y., & Xu, F. (2022). Rapid Screening of Proanthocyanidins from the Roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf and its Preventative Effects on Dextran-Sulfate-Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. Metabolites, 12(10), 957. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100957

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