ElectroPaper: Design and Fabrication of Paper-Based Electronic Interfaces for the Water Environment

Liu, Lijuan; Guo, Jiahao; Zhang, Chao; Wang, Zhangzhi; Zhu, Pinqi; Fang, Tuo; Wang, Junwu; Yao, Cheng; Ying, Fangtian

doi:10.3390/electronics10050604

Open AccessArticle

ElectroPaper: Design and Fabrication of Paper-Based Electronic Interfaces for the Water Environment

by

Lijuan Liu

^1,*,

Jiahao Guo

¹,

Chao Zhang

²

,

Zhangzhi Wang

²,

Pinqi Zhu

³,

Tuo Fang

⁴,

Junwu Wang

³,

Cheng Yao

^1,* and

Fangtian Ying

¹

College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

²

School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

³

School of Industrial Design, Hubei University of Technology, Xianning 430064, China

⁴

Department of Communication Design, Dankook University, Gyeonggido 16890, Korea

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Electronics 2021, 10(5), 604; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050604

Submission received: 6 February 2021 / Revised: 27 February 2021 / Accepted: 3 March 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Fabrication and Applications of Flexible/Wearable Electronics)

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Abstract

The fabrication of underwater devices is necessary for the exploration of water environments and interactions in the Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) field. However, there are fewer approaches to support prototyping used in water environments. The existing prototype methods lack systematic waterproof treatments and provide insufficient software for balance and buoyancy analysis. To address these limitations, we present ElectroPaper, a new approach for the design and fabrication of prototypes used in water environments (surface or beneath) with paper-based electronic interfaces with a crease layer, hardware distribution layer, and hollow-out layer to support physical properties, such as waterproofing, foldability, and conformability. The approach includes a computational design tool for assisting in balance analysis, three-dimensional (3D) model unfolding, and circuit drawing. We describe the design and fabrication process and provide several example applications to illustrate the feasibility and utility of our approach. ElectroPaper provides an inexpensive and effective medium for the fabrication of customized digital prototypes for water environment use.

Keywords: paper electronics; water environment; prototyping; fabrication; design

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, L.; Guo, J.; Zhang, C.; Wang, Z.; Zhu, P.; Fang, T.; Wang, J.; Yao, C.; Ying, F. ElectroPaper: Design and Fabrication of Paper-Based Electronic Interfaces for the Water Environment. Electronics 2021, 10, 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050604

AMA Style

Liu L, Guo J, Zhang C, Wang Z, Zhu P, Fang T, Wang J, Yao C, Ying F. ElectroPaper: Design and Fabrication of Paper-Based Electronic Interfaces for the Water Environment. Electronics. 2021; 10(5):604. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050604

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Lijuan, Jiahao Guo, Chao Zhang, Zhangzhi Wang, Pinqi Zhu, Tuo Fang, Junwu Wang, Cheng Yao, and Fangtian Ying. 2021. "ElectroPaper: Design and Fabrication of Paper-Based Electronic Interfaces for the Water Environment" Electronics 10, no. 5: 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050604

APA Style

Liu, L., Guo, J., Zhang, C., Wang, Z., Zhu, P., Fang, T., Wang, J., Yao, C., & Ying, F. (2021). ElectroPaper: Design and Fabrication of Paper-Based Electronic Interfaces for the Water Environment. Electronics, 10(5), 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050604

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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ElectroPaper: Design and Fabrication of Paper-Based Electronic Interfaces for the Water Environment

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