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Volume 11
Issue 9
10.3390/coatings11091021
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Article

Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials

by
Henri Vahabi
1,*,
Maryam Jouyandeh
1,
Thibault Parpaite
2,
Mohammad Reza Saeb
3 and
Seeram Ramakrishna
4,*
1
CentraleSupélec, Université de Lorraine, LMOPS, 57000 Metz, France
2
Precision Macromolecular Chemistry Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS-UPR 22, 23 Rue du Loess, CEDEX 2, 67034 Strasbourg, France
3
Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
4
Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2021, 11(9), 1021; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091021
Submission received: 4 August 2021 / Revised: 18 August 2021 / Accepted: 24 August 2021 / Published: 26 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Fiber Based Composites)
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Abstract

Development of green flame retardants has become a core part of the attention of material scientists and technologists in a paradigm shift from general purpose to specific sustainable products. This work is the first report on the use of coffee biowastes as sustainable flame retardants for epoxy, as a typical highly flammable polymer. We used spent coffee grounds (SCG) as well as SCG chemically modified with phosphorus (P-SCG) to develop a sustainable highly efficient flame retardant. A considerable reduction in the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) by 40% was observed in the pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter analysis (PCFC), which proved the merit of the used coffee biowastes for being used as sustainable flame retardants for polymers. This work would open new opportunities to investigate the impact of other sorts of coffee wastes rather than SCG from different sectors of the coffee industry on polymers of different family.
Keywords: epoxy; sustainability; epoxy; flame retardancy; flame retardant; coffee wastes; biowaste epoxy; sustainability; epoxy; flame retardancy; flame retardant; coffee wastes; biowaste

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vahabi, H.; Jouyandeh, M.; Parpaite, T.; Saeb, M.R.; Ramakrishna, S. Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials. Coatings 2021, 11, 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091021

AMA Style

Vahabi H, Jouyandeh M, Parpaite T, Saeb MR, Ramakrishna S. Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials. Coatings. 2021; 11(9):1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091021

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vahabi, Henri, Maryam Jouyandeh, Thibault Parpaite, Mohammad Reza Saeb, and Seeram Ramakrishna. 2021. "Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials" Coatings 11, no. 9: 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091021

APA Style

Vahabi, H., Jouyandeh, M., Parpaite, T., Saeb, M. R., & Ramakrishna, S. (2021). Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials. Coatings, 11(9), 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091021

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