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Volume 10
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10.3390/coatings10121147
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Article

Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties of Synthesized Fluorene/Dibenzosilole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternating Organic Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications

by
Ary R. Murad
1,
A. Iraqi
2,*,
Shujahadeen B. Aziz
3,4,*,
Sozan N. Abdullah
5,
Rebar T. Abdulwahid
3,6 and
Sarkawt A. Hussen
3
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Iraq
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
3
Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
4
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
5
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
6
Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Sulaimani, Old Campus, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Coatings 2020, 10(12), 1147; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121147
Submission received: 28 October 2020 / Revised: 14 November 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 / Published: 24 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Organic Synthesis and Characteristics of Thin Films)
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Abstract

In this work, four donor–acceptor copolymers, PFDTBTDI-DMO, PFDTBTDI-8, PDBSDTBTDI-DMO, and PDBSDTBTDI-8, based on alternating 2,7-fluorene or 2,7-dibenzosilole flanked by thienyl units, as electron-donor moieties and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron-accepting units, have been designed and synthesized for photovoltaic applications. All polymers were synthesized in good yields via Suzuki polymerization. The impact of attaching two different alkyl chains (3,7-dimethyloctyl vs. n-octyl) to the BTDI units upon the solubilities, molecular weights, optical and electrochemical properties, and thermal and structural properties of the resulting polymers was investigated. PFDTBTDI-8 has the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 24,900 g·mol−1) among all polymers prepared. Dibenzosilole-based polymers have slightly lower optical band gaps relative to their fluorene-based analogues. All polymers displayed deep-lying HOMO levels. Their HOMO energy levels are unaffected by the nature of either the alkyl substituents or the donor moieties. Similarly, the LUMO levels are almost identical for all polymers. All polymers exhibit excellent thermal stability with Td exceeding 350 °C. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that all polymers have an amorphous nature in the solid state.
Keywords: conductive polymer thin films; fluorene-based polymers; dibenzosilole-based polymers; donor–acceptor copolymers; optical properties; thermal properties; cyclic voltammetry; XRD study conductive polymer thin films; fluorene-based polymers; dibenzosilole-based polymers; donor–acceptor copolymers; optical properties; thermal properties; cyclic voltammetry; XRD study

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MDPI and ACS Style

R. Murad, A.; Iraqi, A.; Aziz, S.B.; N. Abdullah, S.; Abdulwahid, R.T.; Hussen, S.A. Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties of Synthesized Fluorene/Dibenzosilole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternating Organic Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications. Coatings 2020, 10, 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121147

AMA Style

R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, N. Abdullah S, Abdulwahid RT, Hussen SA. Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties of Synthesized Fluorene/Dibenzosilole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternating Organic Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications. Coatings. 2020; 10(12):1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121147

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Murad, Ary, A. Iraqi, Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Sozan N. Abdullah, Rebar T. Abdulwahid, and Sarkawt A. Hussen. 2020. "Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties of Synthesized Fluorene/Dibenzosilole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternating Organic Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications" Coatings 10, no. 12: 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121147

APA Style

R. Murad, A., Iraqi, A., Aziz, S. B., N. Abdullah, S., Abdulwahid, R. T., & Hussen, S. A. (2020). Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties of Synthesized Fluorene/Dibenzosilole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternating Organic Copolymers for Photovoltaic Applications. Coatings, 10(12), 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121147

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