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Review

Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production

by
Md Ramim Tanver Rahman
1,2,3,
Ismail Fliss
3,4 and
Eric Biron
1,2,3,*
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
2
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
3
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
4
Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2022, 11(6), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060766
Submission received: 17 April 2022 / Revised: 18 May 2022 / Accepted: 30 May 2022 / Published: 2 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Alternatives in Livestock)

Abstract

The overuse and misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the rise and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. To address this global public health threat, many countries have restricted the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and promoted the development of alternatives to antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine and animal farming. In food-animal production, acidifiers, bacteriophages, enzymes, phytochemicals, probiotics, prebiotics, and antimicrobial peptides have shown hallmarks as alternatives to antibiotics. This review reports the current state of these alternatives as growth-promoting factors for poultry and swine production and describes their mode of action. Recent findings on their usefulness and the factors that presently hinder their broader use in animal food production are identified by SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis. The potential for resistance development as well as co- and cross-resistance with currently used antibiotics is also discussed. Using predetermined keywords, we searched specialized databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Antibiotic resistance cannot be stopped, but its spreading can certainly be hindered or delayed with the development of more alternatives with innovative modes of action and a wise and careful use of antimicrobials in a One Health approach.
Keywords: growth promoters; alternatives to antibiotics; poultry production; swine production; acidifiers; bacteriophages; enzymes; phytochemicals; probiotics; antimicrobial peptides growth promoters; alternatives to antibiotics; poultry production; swine production; acidifiers; bacteriophages; enzymes; phytochemicals; probiotics; antimicrobial peptides
Graphical Abstract

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rahman, M.R.T.; Fliss, I.; Biron, E. Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060766

AMA Style

Rahman MRT, Fliss I, Biron E. Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(6):766. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060766

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rahman, Md Ramim Tanver, Ismail Fliss, and Eric Biron. 2022. "Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production" Antibiotics 11, no. 6: 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060766

APA Style

Rahman, M. R. T., Fliss, I., & Biron, E. (2022). Insights in the Development and Uses of Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry and Swine Production. Antibiotics, 11(6), 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060766

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