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10.3390/nano10040654
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Article

Osteoblastic Differentiation on Graphene Oxide-Functionalized Titanium Surfaces: An In Vitro Study

by
Roberta Di Carlo
1,
Antonello Di Crescenzo
2,
Serena Pilato
2,
Alessia Ventrella
2,
Adriano Piattelli
1,
Lucia Recinella
2,
Annalisa Chiavaroli
2,
Silvia Giordani
3,
Michele Baldrighi
4,
Adalberto Camisasca
3,
Barbara Zavan
5,
Mirella Falconi
6,
Amelia Cataldi
2,
Antonella Fontana
2,* and
Susi Zara
2
1
Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
2
Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
3
School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, D09 E432 Dublin 9, Ireland
4
Nano Carbon Materials, Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
5
Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, via Aldo Moro 8, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
6
Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(4), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040654
Submission received: 27 February 2020 / Revised: 20 March 2020 / Accepted: 26 March 2020 / Published: 1 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Biology and Medicines)
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Abstract

Background: Titanium implant surfaces are continuously modified to improve biocompatibility and to promote osteointegration. Graphene oxide (GO) has been successfully used to ameliorate biomaterial performances, in terms of implant integration with host tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) viability, cytotoxic response, and osteogenic differentiation capability in the presence of GO-coated titanium surfaces. Methods: Two titanium discs types, machined (control, Crtl) and sandblasted and acid-etched (test, Test) discs, were covalently functionalized with GO. The ability of the GO-functionalized substrates to allow the proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs, as well as their cytotoxic potential, were assessed. Results: The functionalization procedures provide a homogeneous coating with GO of the titanium surface in both control and test substrates, with unchanged surface roughness with respect to the untreated surfaces. All samples show the deposition of extracellular matrix, more pronounced in the test and GO-functionalized test discs. GO-functionalized test samples evidenced a significant viability, with no cytotoxic response and a remarkable early stage proliferation of DPSCs cells, followed by their successful differentiation into osteoblasts. Conclusions: The described protocol of GO-functionalization provides a novel not cytotoxic biomaterial that is able to stimulate cell viability and that better and more quickly induces osteogenic differentiation with respect to simple titanium discs. Our findings pave the way to exploit this GO-functionalization protocol for the production of novel dental implant materials that display improved integration with the host tissue.
Keywords: titanium disc; surface functionalization; graphene oxide; dental pulp stem cells; osteoblastic differentiation titanium disc; surface functionalization; graphene oxide; dental pulp stem cells; osteoblastic differentiation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Di Carlo, R.; Di Crescenzo, A.; Pilato, S.; Ventrella, A.; Piattelli, A.; Recinella, L.; Chiavaroli, A.; Giordani, S.; Baldrighi, M.; Camisasca, A.; et al. Osteoblastic Differentiation on Graphene Oxide-Functionalized Titanium Surfaces: An In Vitro Study. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040654

AMA Style

Di Carlo R, Di Crescenzo A, Pilato S, Ventrella A, Piattelli A, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Giordani S, Baldrighi M, Camisasca A, et al. Osteoblastic Differentiation on Graphene Oxide-Functionalized Titanium Surfaces: An In Vitro Study. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(4):654. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040654

Chicago/Turabian Style

Di Carlo, Roberta, Antonello Di Crescenzo, Serena Pilato, Alessia Ventrella, Adriano Piattelli, Lucia Recinella, Annalisa Chiavaroli, Silvia Giordani, Michele Baldrighi, Adalberto Camisasca, and et al. 2020. "Osteoblastic Differentiation on Graphene Oxide-Functionalized Titanium Surfaces: An In Vitro Study" Nanomaterials 10, no. 4: 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040654

APA Style

Di Carlo, R., Di Crescenzo, A., Pilato, S., Ventrella, A., Piattelli, A., Recinella, L., Chiavaroli, A., Giordani, S., Baldrighi, M., Camisasca, A., Zavan, B., Falconi, M., Cataldi, A., Fontana, A., & Zara, S. (2020). Osteoblastic Differentiation on Graphene Oxide-Functionalized Titanium Surfaces: An In Vitro Study. Nanomaterials, 10(4), 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040654

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