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Challenges, Volume 16, Issue 4 (December 2025) – 3 articles

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15 pages, 9577 KB  
Article
What Factors Influence Cardamom Farmers to Adopt a Range of Climate-Resilient Practices?
by Shreesha Pandeya, Binayak Prakash Mishra and Sushmita Bhatta
Challenges 2025, 16(4), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/challe16040047 - 10 Oct 2025
Viewed by 217
Abstract
The hilly and mountainous regions of Nepal provide a suitable environment for the cultivation of large cardamom, a high-value cash crop with significant global market potential. However, climate change poses significant threats to its production and the livelihoods of farmers dependent on this [...] Read more.
The hilly and mountainous regions of Nepal provide a suitable environment for the cultivation of large cardamom, a high-value cash crop with significant global market potential. However, climate change poses significant threats to its production and the livelihoods of farmers dependent on this crop. To cope with these challenges, adopting climate-resilient agricultural practices is essential, particularly among smallholder farmers of rural communities. However, the extent of their implementation remains largely unknown. We surveyed 158 households in Ilam and Tehrathum districts to assess the adoption intensity of climate-resilient practices among large cardamom farmers using the Ordered Probit Model. Findings revealed considerable variation in the adoption intensity of climate-resilient practices. Traditional practices like tillering, weeding, and irrigation were highly adopted, while more innovative, knowledge-intensive methods were less adopted. Education was found to have a positive influence on the high adoption intensity of climate-resilient practices. Each additional unit of year of schooling increases the probability of high adoption of practices by 3.4%. Membership in farmers’ groups increases the likelihood of high adoption by 12.9%, while labor availability and regular extension contact rises by 21.9% and 17.8%, respectively. Similarly, age shows a smaller but significant effect, increasing adoption by 0.5% at p-value = 0.08. The use of traditional practices is common; however, the uptake of scientifically recommended practices for climate resilience remains limited. Policy initiatives focusing on farmer education, promoting farmer organizations, addressing labor shortages, and strengthening extension services are important for enhancing resilience in the large cardamom sector of Nepal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Social Climate, Challenges, Trends, and Transitions)
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2 pages, 421 KB  
Editorial
A New Era for Challenges: Celebrating 15 Years with a Fresh Identity as Challenges—Journal of Planetary Health
by Susan L. Prescott, David Webb and Challenges—Journal of Planetary Health Editorial Office
Challenges 2025, 16(4), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/challe16040046 - 30 Sep 2025
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Abstract
We are delighted to announce an exciting new chapter in the life of our journal [...] Full article
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19 pages, 898 KB  
Article
Greenwashing in the Tuna Industry: Implications for Consumers, Businesses and Planetary Health
by Dan Daugaard, Sana Ejaz and Ayobolawole Adewale Ogundipe
Challenges 2025, 16(4), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/challe16040045 - 30 Sep 2025
Viewed by 274
Abstract
Greenwashing threatens both consumer trust and the integrity of planetary health initiatives. Transparency in sustainability claims is therefore critical for promoting ecological wellbeing, strengthening food security, and fostering equitable development in the Anthropocene. This paper investigates greenwashing by adapting the Gompers Governance Index [...] Read more.
Greenwashing threatens both consumer trust and the integrity of planetary health initiatives. Transparency in sustainability claims is therefore critical for promoting ecological wellbeing, strengthening food security, and fostering equitable development in the Anthropocene. This paper investigates greenwashing by adapting the Gompers Governance Index methodology to the context of sustainability claims. The focus of our greenwashing index in this case is the sustainability claims made by canned tuna brands in Australia. The index is created from a comprehensive set of criteria for environmental claims, based on the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC)’s principles for trustworthy claims. We show that the canned tuna brands form two clusters: one at a very high level of achievement and a second group with notable opportunities to improve on their sustainability communication and transparency. The results also highlight several key issues, most notably a lack of information regarding future sustainability transition plans across most brands. A deeper analysis of the scoring scheme shows that the brands with third-party sustainability certification generally achieved a better alignment with the ACCC principles than other brands. Future iterations of this analysis could incorporate online transparency and third-party verification to provide a more comprehensive assessment. Overall, this study underscores the need for clearer sustainability messaging, greater regulatory enforcement, and improved accountability among brands to ensure consumers can make informed choices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Food Solutions for Health and Sustainability)
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