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Agriculture
Volume 15
Issue 23
10.3390/agriculture15232507
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Selection of Candidate Bacteria for Microbial Enrichment of Soil Amendments to Manage Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Agricultural Soils

by
Rossana Sidari
1,*,
Maria Teresa Rodinò
1,
Giulio Scarpino
1,
Stefano Mocali
2,
Sara Del Duca
2,3,
Elisabetta Loffredo
4 and
Antonio Gelsomino
1
1
Department of Agraria, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
2
Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 50125 Firenze, Italy
3
Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 29017 Fiorenzuola D’Arda, Italy
4
Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2025, 15(23), 2507; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232507
Submission received: 29 October 2025 / Revised: 24 November 2025 / Accepted: 1 December 2025 / Published: 2 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Ecosystem, Environment and Climate Change in Agriculture)
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Abstract

Recycled bio-wastes such as compost and vermicompost, and bioenergy byproducts such as digestate and biochar are widely acknowledged for their role as soil conditioners capable of preserving soil fertility, maintaining soil health, and acting as a bio-adsorbent of organic soil pollutants (BIOSORs). Moreover, they are attracting increasing attention for use as effective carriers of microbial consortia into arable soils. This study aims to combine selection of bacteria tolerating contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and their use to fortify BIOSORs. Seventeen bacterial strains isolated from commercial bio-stimulant formulations were studied together with three strains previously isolated and identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Serratia plymuthica. All the strains were tested in vitro for their ability to grow under increasing concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg L−1) of CECs: bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, penconazole, and S-metolachlor. Results highlighted a variability in the tolerance of the bacteria to the tested CECs. The B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, and S. plymuthica were the most promising strains, individually or as consortium, to tolerate individual CECs and their mix. Moreover, they exhibited metabolic activity when inoculated in the BIOSORs. Nevertheless, additional investigations such as quantitative assessment of CECs are needed to validate the methodology. This work contributes to investigate the feasibility of stable and functionally active microbially enriched bio-sorbents (Me-BIOSORs) and provides preliminary evidence supporting the potential to be used in soil–plant systems at the field scale.
Keywords: bio-fertilization; microbial inoculants; biochar; compost; vermicompost; digestate; soil pollution mitigation; endocrine-disrupting compounds; soil functional health bio-fertilization; microbial inoculants; biochar; compost; vermicompost; digestate; soil pollution mitigation; endocrine-disrupting compounds; soil functional health
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MDPI and ACS Style

Sidari, R.; Rodinò, M.T.; Scarpino, G.; Mocali, S.; Del Duca, S.; Loffredo, E.; Gelsomino, A. Selection of Candidate Bacteria for Microbial Enrichment of Soil Amendments to Manage Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Agricultural Soils. Agriculture 2025, 15, 2507. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232507

AMA Style

Sidari R, Rodinò MT, Scarpino G, Mocali S, Del Duca S, Loffredo E, Gelsomino A. Selection of Candidate Bacteria for Microbial Enrichment of Soil Amendments to Manage Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Agricultural Soils. Agriculture. 2025; 15(23):2507. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232507

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sidari, Rossana, Maria Teresa Rodinò, Giulio Scarpino, Stefano Mocali, Sara Del Duca, Elisabetta Loffredo, and Antonio Gelsomino. 2025. "Selection of Candidate Bacteria for Microbial Enrichment of Soil Amendments to Manage Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Agricultural Soils" Agriculture 15, no. 23: 2507. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232507

APA Style

Sidari, R., Rodinò, M. T., Scarpino, G., Mocali, S., Del Duca, S., Loffredo, E., & Gelsomino, A. (2025). Selection of Candidate Bacteria for Microbial Enrichment of Soil Amendments to Manage Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Agricultural Soils. Agriculture, 15(23), 2507. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15232507

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