Benefits of Adhering to a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Pistachios in Pregnancy on the Health of Offspring at 2 Years of Age. Results of the San Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study.
by
Verónica Melero 1,2,†, Carla Assaf-Balut 1,2,†, Nuria García de la Torre 1,3, Inés Jiménez 1, Elena Bordiú 1,2, Laura del Valle 1, Johanna Valerio 1, Cristina Familiar 1, Alejandra Durán 1,2, Isabelle Runkle 1,2, María Paz de Miguel 1,2, Carmen Montañez 1, Ana Barabash 1,3, Martín Cuesta 1,3, Miguel A. Herraiz 2,4, Nuria Izquierdo 2,4, Miguel A. Rubio 1,2 and Alfonso L. Calle-Pascual 1,2,3,*
Verónica Melero 1,2,†, Carla Assaf-Balut 1,2,†, Nuria García de la Torre 1,3, Inés Jiménez 1, Elena Bordiú 1,2, Laura del Valle 1, Johanna Valerio 1, Cristina Familiar 1, Alejandra Durán 1,2, Isabelle Runkle 1,2, María Paz de Miguel 1,2, Carmen Montañez 1, Ana Barabash 1,3, Martín Cuesta 1,3, Miguel A. Herraiz 2,4, Nuria Izquierdo 2,4, Miguel A. Rubio 1,2 and Alfonso L. Calle-Pascual 1,2,3,*
1
Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Facultad de Medicina. Medicina II Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
3
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
4
Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors have contributed equally to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(5), 1454; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051454
Received: 16 April 2020 / Revised: 9 May 2020 / Accepted: 11 May 2020 / Published: 13 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus)
The intrauterine environment may be related to the future development of chronic diseases in the offspring. The St. Carlos gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention study, is a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the influence of the early (before 12th gestational week) Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on the onset of GDM and adverse gestational outcomes. Out of 874 women assessed after delivery (440 control group (CG)/434 intervention group (IG)), 703 children were followed (365/338; CG/IG), with the aim to assess whether the adherence to a MedDiet during pregnancy induces health benefits for the offspring during the first two years of life. Logistic regression analysis showed that the IG in children of mothers with pre-gestational body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 and normal glucose tolerance (NGT), was associated with a lower risk (RR(95% CI)) of suffering from severe events requiring hospitalization due to bronchiolitis/asthma (0.75(0.58–0.98) and 0.77(0.59–0.99), respectively) or other diseases that required either antibiotic (0.80(0.65–0.98) and 0.80(0.65–0.99), respectively), corticosteroid treatment (0.73(0.59–0.90) and 0.79(0.62–1.00) respectively) or both (all p < 0.05). A nutritional intervention based on the MedDiet during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in offspring’s hospital admissions, especially in women with pre-gestational BMI < 25 kg/m2 and NGT.
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Keywords:
glucose tolerance; Mediterranean diet; nutritional intervention; obesity; offspring; pregnancy nutrition
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Melero, V.; Assaf-Balut, C.; Torre, N.G.; Jiménez, I.; Bordiú, E.; Valle, L.; Valerio, J.; Familiar, C.; Durán, A.; Runkle, I.; Miguel, M.P.; Montañez, C.; Barabash, A.; Cuesta, M.; Herraiz, M.A.; Izquierdo, N.; Rubio, M.A.; Calle-Pascual, A.L. Benefits of Adhering to a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Pistachios in Pregnancy on the Health of Offspring at 2 Years of Age. Results of the San Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Study.. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 1454.
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