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Volume 13
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10.3390/jcm13072003
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Review

Whole-Body Cryostimulation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review

by
Angelo Alito
1,†,
Jacopo Maria Fontana
2,†,
Eleonora Franzini Tibaldeo
3,
Federica Verme
2,*,
Paolo Piterà
4,
Elzbieta Miller
5,
Riccardo Cremascoli
6,
Andrea Brioschi
6 and
Paolo Capodaglio
2,3
1
Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
2
IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Orthopedic Rehabilitation Unit, Research Laboratory in Biomechanics and Rehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy
3
Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy
4
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Torino, Italy
5
Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
6
IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Unit of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 2003; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072003
Submission received: 7 February 2024 / Revised: 15 March 2024 / Accepted: 26 March 2024 / Published: 29 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rehabilitation and Management of Multiple Sclerosis)
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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of non-traumatic long-term disability in young adults. Whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) is a cold-based physical therapy known to induce physiological exercise-mimicking changes in the cardiovascular, neuromuscular, immune, and endocrine systems and to influence functional and psychological parameters by exposing the human body to cryogenic temperatures (≤−110 °C) for 2–3 min. The purpose of this scoping review is to present an overall view on the potential role of WBC as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of MS. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to 30 November 2023, and a total of 13 articles were included. WBC may have beneficial antioxidant effects as a short-term adjuvant treatment in MS. There were no significant changes in antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide levels, metalloproteinase levels, blood counts, rheology, and biochemistry. WBC can lead to a reduction in fatigue and an improvement in functional status, with a significant effect on both mental and physical well-being. There were no reported adverse effects. The results suggest that WBC may complement therapeutic options for patients with MS, as the effects of cryogenic cold stimulation have been shown to activate antioxidant processes and improve functional status, mood, anxiety, and fatigue.
Keywords: cold therapy; cryostimulation; multiple sclerosis; neurological disorders; rehabilitation; whole-body cryostimulation cold therapy; cryostimulation; multiple sclerosis; neurological disorders; rehabilitation; whole-body cryostimulation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alito, A.; Fontana, J.M.; Franzini Tibaldeo, E.; Verme, F.; Piterà, P.; Miller, E.; Cremascoli, R.; Brioschi, A.; Capodaglio, P. Whole-Body Cryostimulation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072003

AMA Style

Alito A, Fontana JM, Franzini Tibaldeo E, Verme F, Piterà P, Miller E, Cremascoli R, Brioschi A, Capodaglio P. Whole-Body Cryostimulation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(7):2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072003

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alito, Angelo, Jacopo Maria Fontana, Eleonora Franzini Tibaldeo, Federica Verme, Paolo Piterà, Elzbieta Miller, Riccardo Cremascoli, Andrea Brioschi, and Paolo Capodaglio. 2024. "Whole-Body Cryostimulation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 7: 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072003

APA Style

Alito, A., Fontana, J. M., Franzini Tibaldeo, E., Verme, F., Piterà, P., Miller, E., Cremascoli, R., Brioschi, A., & Capodaglio, P. (2024). Whole-Body Cryostimulation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(7), 2003. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072003

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