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Article

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema

by
Marika Cordaro
1,†,
Rosalba Siracusa
2,†,
Roberta Fusco
2,†,
Ramona D’Amico
2,
Alessio Filippo Peritore
2,
Enrico Gugliandolo
2,
Tiziana Genovese
2,
Maria Scuto
3,
Rosalia Crupi
4,
Giuseppina Mandalari
2,
Salvatore Cuzzocrea
2,5,*,
Rosanna Di Paola
2,* and
Daniela Impellizzeri
2
1
Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
2
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
3
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
4
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
5
Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
The authors equally contributed to the work.
Antioxidants 2020, 9(8), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080660
Submission received: 30 June 2020 / Revised: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 / Published: 24 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cellular Oxidative Stress)
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Abstract

Background: Anacardium occidentale L. is a medicinal plant with powerful anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Acute inflammatory events cause tissue alterations, decrease of anti-oxidative endogenous enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, neutrophils infiltration, increase in the activities of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and pro-inflammatory release. Methods: Paw edema was induced by subplantar injection of carrageenan into the right hind paw in rats, but 30 min before a group of animals were orally treated with 100 mg/kg of cashew nuts to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative response. Results: In the present work, we found that (1) cashew nuts reduced the development of carrageenan-induced paw edema limiting the formation of edema and pain; (2) cashew nuts ameliorated the diminutions of the anti-oxidative enzymes caused by carrageenan injection; (3) cashew nuts decreased myeloperoxidase malondialdehyde activity induced by carrageenan; and (4) cashew nuts acted by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines response and nitrate/nitrite formation stimulated by carrageenan injection. Conclusions: The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects exerted by cashew nuts were relevant to oxygen free radical scavenging, anti-lipid peroxidation, and inhibition of the formation of inflammatory cytokines.
Keywords: paw edema; cashew nuts; antioxidant; inflammation; polyphenols; analgesic paw edema; cashew nuts; antioxidant; inflammation; polyphenols; analgesic
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MDPI and ACS Style

Cordaro, M.; Siracusa, R.; Fusco, R.; D’Amico, R.; Peritore, A.F.; Gugliandolo, E.; Genovese, T.; Scuto, M.; Crupi, R.; Mandalari, G.; et al. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080660

AMA Style

Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, Scuto M, Crupi R, Mandalari G, et al. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(8):660. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080660

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cordaro, Marika, Rosalba Siracusa, Roberta Fusco, Ramona D’Amico, Alessio Filippo Peritore, Enrico Gugliandolo, Tiziana Genovese, Maria Scuto, Rosalia Crupi, Giuseppina Mandalari, and et al. 2020. "Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema" Antioxidants 9, no. 8: 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080660

APA Style

Cordaro, M., Siracusa, R., Fusco, R., D’Amico, R., Peritore, A. F., Gugliandolo, E., Genovese, T., Scuto, M., Crupi, R., Mandalari, G., Cuzzocrea, S., Di Paola, R., & Impellizzeri, D. (2020). Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts Counteract Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in an Acute Experimental Model of Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema. Antioxidants, 9(8), 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080660

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