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Antioxidants
Volume 8
Issue 9
10.3390/antiox8090413
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Article

Glutathione Induced Immune-Stimulatory Activity by Promoting M1-Like Macrophages Polarization via Potential ROS Scavenging Capacity

by
Da Hye Kwon
1,†,
Hyesook Lee
1,†,
Cheol Park
2,
Su-Hyun Hong
1,
Sang Hoon Hong
3,
Gi-Young Kim
4,
Hee-Jae Cha
5,
Suhkmann Kim
6,
Heui-Soo Kim
7,
Hye-Jin Hwang
8 and
Yung Hyun Choi
1,*
1
Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
2
Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
3
Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea
4
Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
5
Department of Parasitology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan 49104, Korea
6
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
7
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
8
Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences & Human Ecology, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work as first author.
Antioxidants 2019, 8(9), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090413
Received: 24 July 2019 / Revised: 15 September 2019 / Accepted: 16 September 2019 / Published: 18 September 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Health and Disease)
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Abstract

The present study investigated the immunomodulatory activity of reduced glutathione (GSH) by assessment of the macrophage polarization (MP)-mediated immune response in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, we identified the signal pathway associated with immune regulation by GSH. The expressions of MP-associated cytokines and chemokines were assessed using cytokine array, nCounter Sprit platform, ELISA and immunoblotting. Phagocytosis activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorter. As results of the cytokine array and nCounter gene array, GSH not only up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-α, but also overexpressed neutrophil-attracting chemokines. Furthermore, GSH significantly stimulated the production of immune mediators, including nitric oxide and PGE2, as well as phagocytosis activity through nuclear factor kappa B activation. In addition, GSH significantly decreased LPS-induced ROS generation, which was associated with an activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenease-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Our results suggest that GSH has potential ROS scavenging capacity via the induction of Nrf2-mediated HO-1, and immune-enhancing activity by regulation of M1-like macrophage polarization, indicating that GSH may be a useful strategy to increase the human defense system. View Full-Text
Keywords: glutathione; reactive oxygen species; heme oxygenase-1; immune response; macrophage polarization; inflammatory cytokines; antioxidant glutathione; reactive oxygen species; heme oxygenase-1; immune response; macrophage polarization; inflammatory cytokines; antioxidant
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MDPI and ACS Style

Kwon, D.H.; Lee, H.; Park, C.; Hong, S.-H.; Hong, S.H.; Kim, G.-Y.; Cha, H.-J.; Kim, S.; Kim, H.-S.; Hwang, H.-J.; Choi, Y.H. Glutathione Induced Immune-Stimulatory Activity by Promoting M1-Like Macrophages Polarization via Potential ROS Scavenging Capacity. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090413

AMA Style

Kwon DH, Lee H, Park C, Hong S-H, Hong SH, Kim G-Y, Cha H-J, Kim S, Kim H-S, Hwang H-J, Choi YH. Glutathione Induced Immune-Stimulatory Activity by Promoting M1-Like Macrophages Polarization via Potential ROS Scavenging Capacity. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(9):413. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090413

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kwon, Da Hye, Hyesook Lee, Cheol Park, Su-Hyun Hong, Sang Hoon Hong, Gi-Young Kim, Hee-Jae Cha, Suhkmann Kim, Heui-Soo Kim, Hye-Jin Hwang, and Yung Hyun Choi. 2019. "Glutathione Induced Immune-Stimulatory Activity by Promoting M1-Like Macrophages Polarization via Potential ROS Scavenging Capacity" Antioxidants 8, no. 9: 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8090413

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