Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of 30 Tea Infusions from Green, Black, Oolong, White, Yellow and Dark Teas
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Detection of Antioxidant Capacity and Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
2.4. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antioxidant Capacities of Tea Infusions
3.2. Total Phenolic Content of Tea Infusions
3.3. Correlations between Values of Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), and TPC
3.4. Phenolic Profiles of Tea Infusions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Name | Category | Place of Production | FRAP (µmol Fe2+/g DW) | TEAC (µmol Trolox/g DW) | TPC (mg GAE/g DW) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Dianhong Congou Black Tea | Black Tea | Kunming, Yunnan | 2670.13 ± 34.02 | 994.56 ± 12.64 | 101.29 ± 1.58 |
2 | Keemun Black Tea | Black Tea | Qimen, Anhui | 894.13 ± 20.13 | 739.88 ± 49.11 | 62.16 ± 0.99 |
3 | Lapsang Souchong Black Tea | Black Tea | Wuyishan, Fujian | 530.13 ± 23.44 | 471.17 ± 2.02 | 37.23 ± 0.28 |
4 | Yichang Congou Black Tea | Black Tea | Yichang, Hubei | 1039.47 ± 19.73 | 1034.29 ± 17.99 | 101.94 ± 4.14 |
5 | Fuzhuan Brick Tea | Dark Tea | Anhua, Hubei | 2516.80 ± 76.32 | 1173.49 ± 12.85 | 147.11 ± 2.59 |
6 | Liupao Tea | Dark Tea | Wuzhou, Guangxi | 1382.13 ± 62.01 | 932.64 ± 13.27 | 90.55 ± 2.46 |
7 | Pu-erh Tea | Dark Tea | Pu’er, Yunnan | 1787.47 ± 42.39 | 727.02 ± 33.68 | 76.08 ± 2.06 |
8 | Qingzhuan Brick tea | Dark Tea | Chibi, Hubei | 1170.13 ± 25.72 | 580.49 ± 5.88 | 68.65 ± 0.98 |
9 | Tibetan Tea | Dark Tea | Ya’an, Sichuan | 504.80 ± 17.44 | 166.29 ± 24.48 | 24.77 ± 2.02 |
10 | Dianqing Tea | Green Tea | Kunming, Yunnan | 4647.47 ± 57.87 | 2532.41 ± 50.18 | 252.65 ± 4.74 |
11 | Dongting Biluochun Tea | Green Tea | Suzhou, Jiangsu | 3788.80 ± 80.30 | 1889.22 ± 12.33 | 218.38 ± 4.00 |
12 | Duyun Maojian Tea | Green Tea | Duyun, Guizhou | 3771.47 ± 25.40 | 1880.54 ± 45.15 | 218.55 ± 3.90 |
13 | Enshi Yulu Tea | Green Tea | Enshi, Hubei | 3074.13 ± 26.03 | 1641.77 ± 10.47 | 174.10 ± 1.88 |
14 | Lu’an Guapian Tea | Green Tea | Lu’an, Anhui | 2824.80 ± 107.63 | 1498.51 ± 17.93 | 148.16 ± 2.72 |
15 | Lushan Yunwu Tea | Green Tea | Jiujiang, Jiangxi | 4099.47 ± 105.10 | 2353.21 ± 50.68 | 235.27 ± 7.28 |
16 | Taiping Houkui Tea | Green Tea | Huangshan, Anhui | 3250.13 ± 96.03 | 1662.39 ± 29.54 | 176.53 ± 4.97 |
17 | Xihu Longjing Tea | Green Tea | Hangzhou, Zhejiang | 3872.80 ± 38.16 | 1935.89 ± 26.32 | 218.46 ± 8.82 |
18 | Yongxi Huoqing Tea | Green Tea | Jingxian, Anhui | 3640.80 ± 89.08 | 1850.15 ± 17.93 | 204.32 ± 3.94 |
19 | Fenghuang Shuixian Tea | Oolong Tea | Chao’an, Guangdong | 1531.47 ± 38.85 | 1487.58 ± 21.42 | 150.10 ± 0.56 |
20 | Luohan Chenxiang Tea | Oolong Tea | Mengdingshan, Sichuan | 1055.47 ± 30.02 | 1207.19 ± 23.34 | 102.83 ± 2.76 |
21 | Tieguanyin Tea | Oolong Tea | Anxi, Fujian | 1567.47 ± 50.01 | 1084.52 ± 17.64 | 86.83 ± 0.61 |
22 | Wuyi Rock Tea | Oolong Tea | Wuyishan, Fujian | 2002.13 ± 47.72 | 1065.83 ± 15.80 | 95.88 ± 2.31 |
23 | Gongmei White Tea | White Tea | Nanping, Fujian | 1271.47 ± 29.48 | 620.10 ± 24.56 | 75.92 ± 1.46 |
24 | Shoumei White Tea | White Tea | Nanping, Fujian | 911.47 ± 44.06 | 381.3 ± 18.701 | 51.92 ± 0.56 |
25 | White Peony Tea | White Tea | Nanping, Fujian | 1299.47 ± 40.07 | 904.85 ± 24.58 | 77.29 ± 2.33 |
26 | Huoshan Large Yellow Tea | Yellow Tea | Lu’an, Anhui | 2975.47 ± 85.54 | 1304.76 ± 29.66 | 150.99 ± 1.79 |
27 | Junshan Yinzhen Tea | Yellow Tea | Yueyang, Hunan | 3292.80 ± 24.33 | 1589.95 ± 51.41 | 192.69 ± 0.74 |
28 | Mengding Huangya Tea | Yellow Tea | Mengdingshan, Sichuan | 3590.13 ± 54.60 | 1621.63 ± 7.07 | 183.31 ± 2.66 |
29 | Weishan Maojian Tea | Yellow Tea | Ningxiang, Hunan | 3967.47 ± 87.76 | 1761.96 ± 30.56 | 213.05 ± 1.61 |
30 | Yu’an Luyuan Tea | Yellow Tea | Yichang, Hubei | 4088.80 ± 118.39 | 1835.52 ± 19.60 | 220.08 ± 1.75 |
Name | Catechin (mg/g DW) | Epicatechin (mg/g DW) | Gallocatechin (mg/g DW) | Epigallocatechin (mg/g DW) | Catechin gallate (mg/g DW) | Epicatechin gallate (mg/g DW) | Gallocatechin Gallate (mg/g DW) | Epigallocatechin Gallate (mg/g DW) | ||
Dianhong Congou Black Tea | - | 1.33 ± 0.16 k,l | - | - | - | 2.72 ± 0.20 h,i | - | - | ||
Keemun Black Tea | - | 0.45 ± 0.04 l | - | - | - | 1.12 ± 0.09 j | - | 1.34 ± 0.15 f | ||
Lapsang Souchong Black Tea | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Yichang Congou Black Tea | - | - | - | - | - | 2.69 ± 0.27 h,i | - | 2.15 ± 0.15 f | ||
Fuzhuan Brick Tea | 3.22 ± 0.16 b | 9.60 ± 0.77 b,c | 5.78 ± 0.38 e,f,g | 17.24 ± 1.58 g,h,i,j | - | 10.92 ± 0.78 e | 1.61 ± 0.20 i | 9.56 ± 0.44 d,e,f | ||
Liupao Tea | 1.36 ± 0.13 c | 3.76 ± 0.29 i,j | 3.12 ± 0.27 h | 3.70 ± 0.26 l | - | - | - | - | ||
Pu-erh Tea | - | 0.83 ± 0.05 k,l | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Qingzhuan Brick tea | - | 3.29 ± 0.20 j | 2.48 ± 0.14 h | 19.9 ± 1.82 g,h,i,j | - | - | 1.46 ± 0.12 i | 3.72 ± 0.26 f | ||
Tibetan Tea | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.99 ± 0.09 f | ||
Dianqing Tea | 4.54 ± 0.34 a | 5.83 ± 0.56 f,g,h | 3.27 ± 0.24 h | 13.44 ± 1.07 j,k | 0.71 ± 0.10 c | 30.29 ± 2.87 a | 4.37 ± 0.47 g,h | 55.38 ± 5.57 a | ||
Dongting Biluochun Tea | - | 7.05 ± 0.71 e,f,g | 5.34 ± 0.40 e,f,g | 37.42 ± 2.54 e | 0.99 ± 0.08 b | 32.12 ± 3.11 a | 5.04 ± 0.46 f,g | 52.38 ± 4.86 a | ||
Duyun Maojian Tea | - | 9.13 ± 0.65 b,c,d | 6.28 ± 0.13 d,e,f | 47.86 ± 4.45 d | - | 22.56 ± 2.26 c,d | 7.24 ± 0.61 c,d | 56.12 ± 4.67 a | ||
Enshi Yulu Tea | 3.51 ± 0.26 b | 6.98 ± 0.51 e,f,g | 5.10 ± 0.12 f,g | 34.59 ± 3.05 e,f | 1.01 ± 0.08 b | 18.5 ± 1.62 d | 6.15 ± 0.41 c,d,e,f | 35.01 ± 3.16 c | ||
Lu’an Guapian Tea | - | 7.44 ± 0.77 d,e,f | 9.78 ± 0.42 a | 91.62 ± 6.25 a | - | 7.33 ± 0.69 e,f,g,h | 5.10 ± 0.45 f,g | 34.36 ± 2.56 c | ||
Lushan Yunwu Tea | - | 9.04 ± 0.50 b,c,d | 6.37 ± 0.26 d,e | 62.56 ± 3.83 c | 0.54 ± 0.05 c | 19.08 ± 1.46 d | 7.00 ± 0.83 c,d,e | 57.56 ± 5.54 a | ||
Taiping Houkui Tea | - | 10.59 ± 0.95 a,b | 8.88 ± 0.47 a,b | 72.73 ± 4.73 b | - | 9.03 ± 1.06 e,f | 5.44 ± 0.42 d,e,f,g | 40.89 ± 3.76 c | ||
Xihu Longjing Tea | - | 7.10 ± 0.26 e,f,g | 5.85 ± 0.47 e,f,g | 25.58 ± 1.70 f,g,h,i | 1.46 ± 0.13 a | 24.51 ± 1.85 b,c | 9.11 ± 1.10 b | 51.85 ± 4.04 a,b | ||
Yongxi Huoqing Tea | - | 8.56 ± 0.46 c,d,e | 4.84 ± 0.38 g | 21.44 ± 1.62 g,h,i,j | 0.53 ± 0.07 c | 20.79 ± 1.54 c,d | 5.38 ± 0.51 e,f,g | 52.77 ± 3.58 a | ||
Fenghuang Shuixian Tea | - | 2.45 ± 0.20 j,k | 3.16 ± 0.32 h | 16.22 ± 1.06 i,j,k | - | 7.57 ± 0.51 e,f,g | 3.01 ± 0.31 h,i | 34.74 ± 3.17 c | ||
Luohan Chenxiang Tea | - | 5.73 ± 0.54 f,g,h | 9.15 ± 0.80 a,b | 73.97 ± 7.25 b | - | 3.08 ± 0.34 g,h,i,j | 2.69 ± 0.21 h,i | 17.08 ± 1.62 d | ||
Tieguanyin Tea | - | 9.19 ± 0.87 b,c | 7.12 ± 0.53 c,d | 71.62 ± 3.77 b,c | - | 3.08 ± 0.40 g,h,i,j | 1.56 ± 0.17 i | 10.34 ± 0.56 d,e,f | ||
Wuyi Rock Tea | - | 3.30 ± 0.22 j | 7.91 ± 0.53 b,c | 26.28 ± 2.10 f,g,h | - | 3.51 ± 0.38 g,h,i,j | 2.69 ± 0.23 h,i | 14.01 ± 1.06 d,e | ||
Gongmei White Tea | - | 1.07 ± 0.08 k,l | - | 6.69 ± 0.59 k,l | - | 2.37 ± 0.22 i,j | - | 4.93 ± 0.54 e,f | ||
Shoumei White Tea | - | 0.83 ± 0.07 k,l | - | - | - | - | - | 2.11 ± 0.13 f | ||
White Peony Tea | - | 1.35 ± 0.13 k,l | - | - | - | 2.67 ± 0.22 h,i,j | - | 5.35 ± 0.58 e,f | ||
Huoshan Large Yellow Tea | - | 2.44 ± 0.29 j,k | 9.76 ± 0.62 a | 12.12 ± 0.93 j,k,l | - | 6.21 ± 0.53 f,g,h,i | 13.10 ± 1.17 a | 18.55 ± 2.50 d | ||
Junshan Yinzhen Tea | 0.95 ± 0.06 c | 5.46 ± 0.49 g,h,i | 3.33 ± 0.32 h | 11.96 ± 0.62 j,k,l | - | 24.03 ± 2.18 b,c | 6.77 ± 0.53 c,d,e,f | 42.38 ± 4.32 b,c | ||
Mengding Huangya Tea | - | 5.17 ± 0.56 h,i | 3.55 ± 0.16 h | 17.07 ± 1.54 h,i,j | 1.10 ± 0.09 b | 21.99 ± 1.56 c,d | - | 37.83 ± 3.06 c | ||
Weishan Maojian Tea | 3.05 ± 0.11 b | 12.06 ± 1.17 a | 5.03 ± 0.26 g | 39.23 ± 2.21 d,e | - | 28.68 ± 2.60 a,b | - | 38.89 ± 4.16 c | ||
Yuan’an Luyuan Tea | - | 6.53 ± 0.59 f,g,h | 5.65 ± 0.40 e,f,g | 26.61 ± 1.25 f,g | - | 21.38 ± 1.53 c,d | 7.32 ± 0.91 c | 54.38 ± 4.73 a | ||
Name | Gallic Acid (mg/g DW) | Ellagic Acid (mg/g DW) | Quercitrin (mg/g DW) | Astragalin (mg/g DW) | Quercetin (mg/g DW) | Kaempferol (mg/g DW) | Chlorogenic Acid (mg/g DW) | Myricetin (mg/g DW) | Caffeine (mg/g DW) | Theaflavin (mg/g DW) |
Dianhong Congou Black Tea | 2.65 ± 0.17 c,d | 4.57 ± 0.41 c,d | - | 1.09 ± 0.16 c | - | - | - | - | 35.09 ± 3.62 b,c,d,e,f,g,h | 0.66 ± 0.06 a |
Keemun Black Tea | 2.87 ± 0.15 b,c,d | - | 0.65 ± 0.07 i | 0.89 ± 0.05 c,d,e | - | - | - | - | 25.07 ± 2.86 i,j,k | - |
Lapsang Souchong Black Tea | 1.88 ± 0.08 f,g,h | 2.11 ± 0.27 h | 0.81 ± 0.09 g,h,i | 0.60 ± 0.04 d,e,f | - | - | - | - | 21.09 ± 2.09 j,k,l,m | - |
Yichang Congou Black Tea | 3.77 ± 0.32 a | 2.78 ± 0.24 e,f,g,h | - | 3.54 ± 0.42 a | - | - | - | - | 39.55 ± 3.29 a,b,c,d,e | 0.70 ± 0.08 a |
Fuzhuan Brick Tea | 3.22 ± 0.22 b | 2.51 ± 0.14 e,f,g,h | 1.86 ± 0.19 b | 1.75 ± 0.16 b | 0.08 ± 0.01 a | 0.19 ± 0.02 a | 0.35 ± 0.02 b,c | - | 27.8 ± 2.29 h,i,j | - |
Liupao Tea | 2.10 ± 0.19 f,g | 2.31 ± 0.27 f,g,h | 0.79 ± 0.04 g,h,i | - | - | - | - | - | 30.98 ± 2.79 e,f,g,h,i | - |
Pu-erh Tea | 1.23 ± 0.02 k,l,m | 2.61 ± 0.19 e,f,g,h | 0.74 ± 0.03 h,i | - | - | - | - | - | 26.58 ± 1.30 i,j,k | - |
Qingzhuan Brick tea | 2.85 ± 0.20 b,c,d | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.65 ± 1.37 m,n | - |
Tibetan Tea | 1.52 ± 0.12 h,i,j,k,l | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.32 ± 1.31 l,m,n | - |
Dianqing Tea | 1.77 ± 0.13 g,h,i | 7.77 ± 0.70 b | - | - | - | - | 0.49 ± 0.02 a | - | 38.01 ± 2.46 b,c,d,e,f | - |
Dongting Biluochun Tea | 1.03 ± 0.04 m | - | 1.15 ± 0.11 d,e,f,g | 1.02 ± 0.11 c,d | - | - | 0.29 ± 0.01 c,d,e | - | 32.45 ± 2.53 c,d,e,f,g,h,i | - |
Duyun Maojian Tea | 1.32 ± 0.08 j,k,l,m | 3.50 ± 0.26 d,e | 2.53 ± 0.19 a | - | - | - | - | - | 42.20 ± 3.83 a,b | - |
Enshi Yulu Tea | 1.80 ± 0.06 f,g,h | 3.52 ± 0.29 d,e | 1.08 ± 0.07 d,e,f,g,h | - | - | - | - | - | 38.14 ± 3.01 b,c,d,e,f | - |
Lu’an Guapian Tea | 0.45 ± 0.02 n | - | 1.01 ± 0.11 e,f,g,h,i | - | - | - | 0.33 ± 0.02 b,c | - | 28.74 ± 2.62 g,h,i,j | - |
Lushan Yunwu Tea | 1.24 ± 0.10 k,l,m | 3.12 ± 0.30 e,f,g,h | 2.76 ± 0.25 a | - | - | - | - | - | 47.46 ± 4.35 a | - |
Taiping Houkui Tea | 0.58 ± 0.07 n | 2.33 ± 0.22 f,g,h | 1.22 ± 0.15 d,e,f | 0.39 ± 0.02 f | - | - | 0.35 ± 0.03 b,c | - | 32.37 ± 3.17 c,d,e,f,g,h,i | - |
Xihu Longjing Tea | 1.63 ± 0.04 h,i,j,k | - | - | - | - | - | 0.39 ± 0.03 b | - | 36.65 ± 3.28 b,c,d,e,f,g | - |
Yongxi Huoqing Tea | 1.36 ± 0.03 i,j,k,l,m | 3.44 ± 0.20 d,e,f | - | - | - | - | 0.34 ± 0.03 b,c | - | 31.77 ± 2.50 c,d,e,f,g,h,i | - |
Fenghuang Shuixian Tea | 3.05 ± 0.14 b,c | 2.29 ± 0.16 g,h | 1.65 ± 0.12 b,c | 1.22 ± 0.06 c | - | - | 0.24 ± 0.01 d,e | - | 31.66 ± 1.97 d,e,f,g,h,i | - |
Luohan Chenxiang Tea | 0.59 ± 0.02 n | - | 1.28 ± 0.13 c,d,e | 0.63 ± 0.07 d,e,f | - | - | 0.30 ± 0.02 c,d | - | 24.88 ± 1.65 i,j,k | - |
Tieguanyin Tea | 0.29 ± 0.02 n | 2.15 ± 0.20 h | 0.95 ± 0.05 e,f,g,h,i | - | - | - | 0.23 ± 0.02 e | - | 12.36 ± 1.18 n | - |
Wuyi Rock Tea | 1.35 ± 0.08 i,j,k,l,m | 2.10 ± 0.20 h | - | - | - | - | - | - | 19.28 ± 1.26 k,l,m,n | - |
Gongmei White Tea | 2.57 ± 0.02 d,e | 2.30 ± 0.21 g,h | 0.89 ± 0.05 f,g,h,i | - | - | - | - | - | 27.54 ± 1.83 h,i,j,k | - |
Shoumei White Tea | 2.09 ± 0.07 f,g | - | - | 0.36 ± 0.05 f | - | - | - | - | 24.52 ± 2.18 i,j,k,l | - |
White Peony Tea | 2.71 ± 0.10 c,d | 2.35 ± 0.10 f,g,h | 0.94 ± 0.05 e,f,g,h,i | 0.50 ± 0.05 e,f | - | 0.17 ± 0.02 a | 0.26 ± 0.02 d,e | - | 30.64 ± 2.92 f,g,h,i | - |
Huoshan Large Yellow Tea | 3.16 ± 0.26 b | 2.39 ± 0.25 e,f,g,h | 0.89 ± 0.08 f,g,h,i | - | 0.01 ± 0.00 b | 0.19 ± 0.01 a | - | - | 32.51 ± 2.20 c,d,e,f,g,h,i | - |
Junshan Yinzhen Tea | 1.19 ± 0.06 l,m | 3.29 ± 0.13 e,f,g | 1.43 ± 0.14 c,d | - | - | - | 0.35 ± 0.02 b,c | - | 38.66 ± 2.50 b,c,d,e,f | - |
Mengding Huangya Tea | 2.22 ± 0.17 e,f | 9.79 ± 1.01 a | - | - | - | - | - | - | 35.61 ± 3.25 b,c,d,e,f,g,h | - |
Weishan Maojian Tea | 1.22 ± 0.04 k,l,m | 4.48 ± 0.45 c,d | - | - | - | - | 0.33 ± 0.01 b,c | - | 39.64 ± 2.89 a,b,c,d | - |
Yu’an Luyuan Tea | 1.73 ± 0.16 g,h,i,j | 4.77 ± 0.44 c | - | - | - | - | 0.34 ± 0.03 b,c | - | 40.22 ± 3.17 a,b,c | - |
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Zhao, C.-N.; Tang, G.-Y.; Cao, S.-Y.; Xu, X.-Y.; Gan, R.-Y.; Liu, Q.; Mao, Q.-Q.; Shang, A.; Li, H.-B. Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of 30 Tea Infusions from Green, Black, Oolong, White, Yellow and Dark Teas. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070215
Zhao C-N, Tang G-Y, Cao S-Y, Xu X-Y, Gan R-Y, Liu Q, Mao Q-Q, Shang A, Li H-B. Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of 30 Tea Infusions from Green, Black, Oolong, White, Yellow and Dark Teas. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(7):215. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070215
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Cai-Ning, Guo-Yi Tang, Shi-Yu Cao, Xiao-Yu Xu, Ren-You Gan, Qing Liu, Qian-Qian Mao, Ao Shang, and Hua-Bin Li. 2019. "Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of 30 Tea Infusions from Green, Black, Oolong, White, Yellow and Dark Teas" Antioxidants 8, no. 7: 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070215
APA StyleZhao, C.-N., Tang, G.-Y., Cao, S.-Y., Xu, X.-Y., Gan, R.-Y., Liu, Q., Mao, Q.-Q., Shang, A., & Li, H.-B. (2019). Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of 30 Tea Infusions from Green, Black, Oolong, White, Yellow and Dark Teas. Antioxidants, 8(7), 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070215