Out-of-Stock Prediction Model Using Buzzard Coney Hawk Optimization-Based LightGBM-Enabled Deep Temporal Convolutional Neural Network

Out-of-stock prediction refers to the activity of forecasting the time when a product will not be available for purchase because of an inventory deficiency. Due to difficulties, out-of-stock forecasting models now face certain challenges. Incorrect demand forecasting may result in a lack or excess of goods in stock, a factor that affects client satisfaction and the profitability of companies. Accordingly, the new approach BCHO-TCN LightGBM, which is based on Buzzard Coney Hawk Optimization with a deep temporal convolutional neural network and the Light Gradient-Boosting Machine framework, is developed to deal with all challenges in the existing models in the field of out-of-stock prediction. The role that BCHO plays in the LightGBM-based deep temporal CNNis rooted in modifying the classifier to improve both accuracy and speed. Integrating BCHO into the model training process allows us to optimize and adjust the hyperparameters and the weights of the CNN linked with the temporal DNN, which, in turn, makes the model perform better in the extraction of temporal features from time-series data. This optimization strategy, which derives from the cooperative behaviors and evasion tactics of BCHO, is a powerful source of information for the computational optimization agent. This leads to a faster convergence of the model towards optimal solutions and therefore improves the overall accuracy and predictive abilities of the temporal CNN with the LightGBM algorithm. The results indicate that when using data from Amazon India’s product listings, the model shows a high degree of accuracy, as well as excellent net present value (NPV), present discounted value (PDV), and threat scores, with values reaching 94.52%, 95.16%, 94.81%, and 95.76%, respectively. Likewise, in a k-fold 10 scenario, the model achieves values of 94.81%, 95.60%, 96.28%, and 95.86% for the same metrics.