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Article

Ethanol Extract of Pinus koraiensis Leaves Mitigates High Fructose-Induced Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation and Hypertriglyceridemia

by
Min-Ho Lee
1,†,
Sunyeong Park
2,†,
Yinzhu Xu
3,†,
Jung-Eun Kim
3,†,
Hengmin Han
4,
Jae-Hyeon Lee
4,
Jean Kyung Paik
5 and
Hyo-Jeong Lee
3,4,*
1
Department of Food Science & Services, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea
2
Dain Natural Co., Ltd., Seoul 04788, Korea
3
Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
4
Department of Cancer Preventive Material Development, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdamun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
5
Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6745; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136745
Submission received: 27 May 2022 / Revised: 24 June 2022 / Accepted: 28 June 2022 / Published: 3 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Potential of Plants)
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Abstract

Pinus koraiensis is a valuable plant source of functional health foods and medicinal materials. Hypertriglyceridemia affects about 15–20% of adults and is related to stroke, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Dietary fructose, a risk factor for developing hypertriglyceridemia, significantly increases postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels and aggravates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of ethanol extract from P. koraiensis needles (EPK) on fructose (Fr)-induced cell culture and animal models, respectively. Our team determined the bioactivity, such as anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic functions, of P. koraiensis needle extract. The EPK markedly reduced TG levels in the liver and serum and enhanced TG excretion through feces in high-fructose-fed rats. Furthermore, the EPK inhibited de novo lipogenesis and its markers—carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory marker. Consistent with the results of the in vivo experiment, the EPK decreased SREBP-1, ChREBP, HMGCR, FAS, TNF-α, and iNOS expression levels, resulting in slower lipid accumulation and lower TG levels in Fr-induced HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that EPK mitigates hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic TG accumulation by inhibiting de novo lipogenic and pro-inflammatory factors.
Keywords: Pinus koraiensis; de novo lipogenesis; hypertriglyceridemia; high fructose diet; non-alcoholic fatty liver Pinus koraiensis; de novo lipogenesis; hypertriglyceridemia; high fructose diet; non-alcoholic fatty liver

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lee, M.-H.; Park, S.; Xu, Y.; Kim, J.-E.; Han, H.; Lee, J.-H.; Paik, J.K.; Lee, H.-J. Ethanol Extract of Pinus koraiensis Leaves Mitigates High Fructose-Induced Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation and Hypertriglyceridemia. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 6745. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136745

AMA Style

Lee M-H, Park S, Xu Y, Kim J-E, Han H, Lee J-H, Paik JK, Lee H-J. Ethanol Extract of Pinus koraiensis Leaves Mitigates High Fructose-Induced Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation and Hypertriglyceridemia. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(13):6745. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136745

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee, Min-Ho, Sunyeong Park, Yinzhu Xu, Jung-Eun Kim, Hengmin Han, Jae-Hyeon Lee, Jean Kyung Paik, and Hyo-Jeong Lee. 2022. "Ethanol Extract of Pinus koraiensis Leaves Mitigates High Fructose-Induced Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation and Hypertriglyceridemia" Applied Sciences 12, no. 13: 6745. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136745

APA Style

Lee, M.-H., Park, S., Xu, Y., Kim, J.-E., Han, H., Lee, J.-H., Paik, J. K., & Lee, H.-J. (2022). Ethanol Extract of Pinus koraiensis Leaves Mitigates High Fructose-Induced Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation and Hypertriglyceridemia. Applied Sciences, 12(13), 6745. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136745

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