Relationship between Bruises on Carcasses of Beef Cattle and Transport-Related Factors
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Abattoir Layout and Handling Operations
2.2. Pre-Slaughter Factors
2.3. Bruise Scoring
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Description |
---|---|
Size | Small: 1–8 cm Medium: 9–16 cm Large: >16 cm |
Shape | Circular: a bruise in the shape of a circle Linear: a bruise with one dimension (length) longer than the other (width) Tramline: two parallel linear bruises separated by a paler undamaged area Irregular: a bruise without clear dimensions and with uneven edges |
Color | Red: fresh lesion Purple: old lesion Yellow: very old lesion |
N | % of Bruised Animals | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Individual category | Veal | 89 | 29.2 | 19.6–38.8 |
Steers | 636 | 15.1 | 12.3–17.9 | |
Heifer | 540 | 28.0 | 24.2–31.8 | |
Truck size | Small | 160 | 18.7 | 12.6–24.9 |
Medium | 94 | 24.5 | 15.6–33.3 | |
Large | 1011 | 21.8 | 19.2–24.3 | |
Truck type | Single-unit 3-axles | 271 | 22.5 | 17.5–27.5 |
Single-trailer 5-axles truck | 994 | 21.3 | 18.8–23.9 | |
No. of floors | 1 | 165 | 19.4 | 13.3–25.5 |
2 | 1100 | 21.9 | 19.5–24.4 |
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Zanardi, E.; De Luca, S.; Alborali, G.L.; Ianieri, A.; Varrà, M.O.; Romeo, C.; Ghidini, S. Relationship between Bruises on Carcasses of Beef Cattle and Transport-Related Factors. Animals 2022, 12, 1997. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151997
Zanardi E, De Luca S, Alborali GL, Ianieri A, Varrà MO, Romeo C, Ghidini S. Relationship between Bruises on Carcasses of Beef Cattle and Transport-Related Factors. Animals. 2022; 12(15):1997. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151997
Chicago/Turabian StyleZanardi, Emanuela, Silvio De Luca, Giovanni Loris Alborali, Adriana Ianieri, Maria Olga Varrà, Claudia Romeo, and Sergio Ghidini. 2022. "Relationship between Bruises on Carcasses of Beef Cattle and Transport-Related Factors" Animals 12, no. 15: 1997. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151997
APA StyleZanardi, E., De Luca, S., Alborali, G. L., Ianieri, A., Varrà, M. O., Romeo, C., & Ghidini, S. (2022). Relationship between Bruises on Carcasses of Beef Cattle and Transport-Related Factors. Animals, 12(15), 1997. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151997