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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 11
10.3390/microorganisms13112638
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Review

Bacteriophages and Endolysins Used in the Biocontrol of Staphylococcus aureus

by
Maryoris E. Soto Lopez
1,*,
Ana Margarita Otero-Herrera
1,
Fernando Mendoza-Corvis
1,
Jose Jorge Salgado-Behaine
1,
Rocio López-Vergara
1,
Ana M. Hernández-Arteaga
1,
Derrick Cortessi
2,
Pedro M. P. Vidigal
2,3 and
Omar Pérez-Sierra
1
1
Research Group on Food Properties and Processes—GIPPAL, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Córdoba, 6th avenue N° 76-103, Monteria 230002, Colombia
2
Animal and Dairy Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, WI 53706-1205, USA
3
Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Campus da UFV, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(11), 2638; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13112638
Submission received: 17 October 2025 / Revised: 10 November 2025 / Accepted: 14 November 2025 / Published: 20 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Antimicrobial Approaches in Biofilm Control in the Food Industry: Future Perspectives)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen associated with contamination of dairy and meat products, posing a persistent challenge to food safety due to its biofilm formation and resistance to multiple antibiotics. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the use of bacteriophages and phage-derived endolysins as targeted biocontrol agents against S. aureus in food systems. Bacteriophages exhibit host specificity and self-replicating capacity, while endolysins provide rapid lytic activity, minimal resistance development, and effectiveness against biofilm-embedded cells. Studies demonstrate significant microbial reductions in milk, cheese, and meat matrices, although factors such as pH, salt, and fat content can influence their efficacy. The integration of these biocontrol tools into food preservation represents a sustainable and safe alternative to conventional antimicrobials. Finally, we discuss current limitations and the need for optimizing formulations, stability, and regulatory frameworks to facilitate the adoption of phage and endolysin-based products in the food industry.
Keywords: antimicrobial strategies; bacteriophages; endolysins; food safety; food industry; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antimicrobial strategies; bacteriophages; endolysins; food safety; food industry; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Soto Lopez, M.E.; Otero-Herrera, A.M.; Mendoza-Corvis, F.; Salgado-Behaine, J.J.; López-Vergara, R.; Hernández-Arteaga, A.M.; Cortessi, D.; Vidigal, P.M.P.; Pérez-Sierra, O. Bacteriophages and Endolysins Used in the Biocontrol of Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 2638. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13112638

AMA Style

Soto Lopez ME, Otero-Herrera AM, Mendoza-Corvis F, Salgado-Behaine JJ, López-Vergara R, Hernández-Arteaga AM, Cortessi D, Vidigal PMP, Pérez-Sierra O. Bacteriophages and Endolysins Used in the Biocontrol of Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(11):2638. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13112638

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soto Lopez, Maryoris E., Ana Margarita Otero-Herrera, Fernando Mendoza-Corvis, Jose Jorge Salgado-Behaine, Rocio López-Vergara, Ana M. Hernández-Arteaga, Derrick Cortessi, Pedro M. P. Vidigal, and Omar Pérez-Sierra. 2025. "Bacteriophages and Endolysins Used in the Biocontrol of Staphylococcus aureus" Microorganisms 13, no. 11: 2638. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13112638

APA Style

Soto Lopez, M. E., Otero-Herrera, A. M., Mendoza-Corvis, F., Salgado-Behaine, J. J., López-Vergara, R., Hernández-Arteaga, A. M., Cortessi, D., Vidigal, P. M. P., & Pérez-Sierra, O. (2025). Bacteriophages and Endolysins Used in the Biocontrol of Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms, 13(11), 2638. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13112638

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