Fragmentation and Branch Elimination of Primary α′ Martensite in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Ahmed, Mansur; McNamara, Fionnan; Duggan, Greg; Tomonto, Charles; O’Donnell, Garret E.; Lupoi, Rocco

doi:10.3390/met13121983

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Fragmentation and Branch Elimination of Primary α′ Martensite in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

by

Mansur Ahmed

^1,*,

Fionnan McNamara

²,

Greg Duggan

³,

Charles Tomonto

²,

Garret E. O’Donnell

¹ and

Rocco Lupoi

¹

Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland

²

3D Printing Centre of Excellence, Johnson & Johnson Services Inc., Miami, FL 33126, USA

³

DePuy Synthes, Loughbeg, Ringaskiddy, Co., P43 ED82 Cork, Ireland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Metals 2023, 13(12), 1983; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121983

Submission received: 26 September 2023 / Revised: 27 November 2023 / Accepted: 4 December 2023 / Published: 6 December 2023

(This article belongs to the Section Additive Manufacturing)

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Abstract

Fragmentation and branch elimination are generally noticed in the conventionally processed Ti-6Al-4V. Such a key morphological change produces a positive change in certain mechanical properties. We, for the first time, observe fragmentation and branch elimination of the primary α′ martensite in additively manufactured as-built Ti-6Al-4V and the effect of scan speed on these is studied. Nanovoids inside and on the surface of the primary α′ martensite are assumed to be the starting points of the fragmentation and branch elimination, respectively. At a lower scan speed (250 mm/s) a relatively shorter branch length than that of a higher scan speed (500 mm/s) is observed. Such change in the morphology of primary α′ martensite has positively impacted hardness. This has been discussed in terms of additive manufacturing parameters. Such a fundamental morphological change will further help the understanding of laser powder bed fusion metal additive manufacturing. The hardness of the samples is measured and correlated with the fragmentation of the primary α′ martensite.

Keywords: additive manufacturing; Ti-6Al-4V; primary α′ martensite; fragmentation; branch elimination; laser scan speed

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ahmed, M.; McNamara, F.; Duggan, G.; Tomonto, C.; O’Donnell, G.E.; Lupoi, R. Fragmentation and Branch Elimination of Primary α′ Martensite in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Metals 2023, 13, 1983. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121983

AMA Style

Ahmed M, McNamara F, Duggan G, Tomonto C, O’Donnell GE, Lupoi R. Fragmentation and Branch Elimination of Primary α′ Martensite in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Metals. 2023; 13(12):1983. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121983

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed, Mansur, Fionnan McNamara, Greg Duggan, Charles Tomonto, Garret E. O’Donnell, and Rocco Lupoi. 2023. "Fragmentation and Branch Elimination of Primary α′ Martensite in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy" Metals 13, no. 12: 1983. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121983

APA Style

Ahmed, M., McNamara, F., Duggan, G., Tomonto, C., O’Donnell, G. E., & Lupoi, R. (2023). Fragmentation and Branch Elimination of Primary α′ Martensite in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Metals, 13(12), 1983. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121983

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Fragmentation and Branch Elimination of Primary α′ Martensite in Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

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