Evaluation of Artemia franciscana Cysts to Improve Diets for Mass Rearing Stethorus gilvifrons, a Predator of Tetranychus turkestani
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Stethorus gilvifrons Colony
2.2. Preparation of Factitious Diets
2.3. Experimental Setup
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Immature Development and Survival
3.2. Adult Longevity and Fecundity
3.3. Life Table Assessment
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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* Diet | Immature Survival † (%) | Egg–Pupal Development Time (Days) † | Adult Body Weight (mg) ‡ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | ||
D1 | - | - | - | - | - |
D2 | 56.91 ± 7.85 a (n = 3) | 10.99 ± 1.50 b (n = 5) | 11.89 ± 1.50 a (n = 5) | - | - |
D3 | 63.13 ± 3.32 a (n = 3) | 13.20 ± 1.40 a (n = 5) | 13.83 ± 1.92 a (n = 6) | 0.163 ± 0.014 a (n = 23) | 0.173 ± 0.018 a (n = 23) |
D4 | 64.82 ± 5.45 a (n = 3) | 13.40 ± 1.48 a (n = 9) | 13.87 ± 2.38 a (n = 12) | 0.160 ± 0.014 a (n = 23) | 0.179 ± 0.022 a (n = 23) |
* Diet | Male Longevity (Days) | Female Longevity (Days) | Pre- oviposition Period (Days) | Oviposition Period (Days) | Post- oviposition Period (Days) | Total Fecundity (Eggs/fem.) | Egg Hatch (%) | Sex Ratio % fem. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D3 | 24.92 ± 2.31 b (n = 12) | 26.70 ± 2.58 b (n = 10) | 3.20 ± 0.49 a (n = 10) | 8.50 ± 1.58 b (n = 10) | 2.10 ± 0.29 a (n = 10) | 33.70 ± 2.38 b (n = 10) | 68.17 ± 3.25 b (n = 3) | 48.69 ± 3.21 a (n = 3) |
D4 | 27.50 ± 1.09 a (n = 16) | 30.80 ± 3.35 a (n = 25) | 4.08 ± 0.29 a (n = 25) | 12.04 ± 1.45 a (n = 25) | 1.56 ± 0.25 a (n = 25) | 59.72 ± 3.37 a (n = 25) | 80.00 ± 2.88 a (n = 3) | 58.72 ± 5.01 a (n = 3) |
* Diet | Parameter | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r (d−1) | λ (d−1) | Ro (Offspring/fem.) | GRR (Offspring/fem.) | T (d) | DT (d) | |
D3 | 0.118 ± 0.015 b | 1.125 ± 0.016 a | 11.23 ± 2.99 b | 26.31 ± 5.53 b | 27.47 ± 1.66 a | 6.07 ± 1.02 a |
D4 | 0.152 ± 0.007 a | 1.162 ± 0.008 a | 29.86 ± 4.52 a | 46.79 ± 6.75 a | 24.34 ± 1.63 b | 6.05 ± 0.52 a |
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Ebrahimifar, J.; Shishehbor, P.; Rasekh, A.; Hemmati, S.A.; Riddick, E.W. Evaluation of Artemia franciscana Cysts to Improve Diets for Mass Rearing Stethorus gilvifrons, a Predator of Tetranychus turkestani. Insects 2021, 12, 632. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070632
Ebrahimifar J, Shishehbor P, Rasekh A, Hemmati SA, Riddick EW. Evaluation of Artemia franciscana Cysts to Improve Diets for Mass Rearing Stethorus gilvifrons, a Predator of Tetranychus turkestani. Insects. 2021; 12(7):632. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070632
Chicago/Turabian StyleEbrahimifar, Jafar, Parviz Shishehbor, Arash Rasekh, Seyed Ali Hemmati, and Eric W. Riddick. 2021. "Evaluation of Artemia franciscana Cysts to Improve Diets for Mass Rearing Stethorus gilvifrons, a Predator of Tetranychus turkestani" Insects 12, no. 7: 632. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070632