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Article

Microalbuminuria and Hypertension among Immigrants with Type 2 Diabetes: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study †

by
Shiryn D. Sukhram
1,*,
Gustavo G. Zarini
2,
Lemia H. Shaban
3,
Joan A. Vaccaro
4 and
Fatma G. Huffman
4
1
Department of Biology, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, NY 10314, USA
2
Clinical & Scientific Research, Oxford Biomedical Technologies, West Palm Beach, FL 33404, USA
3
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait
4
Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
This work was presented in part as S.D.S.’s Ph.D. Thesis at the Florida International University—Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work (2012).
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(11), 1777; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111777
Submission received: 21 September 2022 / Revised: 21 October 2022 / Accepted: 25 October 2022 / Published: 28 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Chronic Kidney Disease)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the association of microalbuminuria (MAU), as determined by albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), with hypertension (HTN) among Turkish immigrants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) living in deprived neighborhoods of The Hague, Netherlands. Methods: A total of 110 participants, physician-diagnosed with T2D, aged ≥ 30 years were recruited from multiple sources from The Hague, Netherlands in a cross-sectional design. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using automated office blood pressure equipment. Urine albumin was measured by immunoturbidimetric assay. Urine creatinine was determined using the Jaffe method. MAU was defined as ACR ≥ 3.5 mg/mmol for females and/or ACR ≥ 2.5 mg/mmol for males. Results: MAU was present in 21% of Turkish immigrants with T2D. Adjusted logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of having MAU were 6.6 times higher in hypertensive than those that were normotensive (p = 0.007; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19, 36.4). Conclusion: These findings suggest that HTN and MAU may be assessed as a standard of care for T2D management for this population. Prospective studies of diabetes outcomes are recommended to further verify these findings.
Keywords: cardiovascular disease; hypertension; type 2 diabetes; immigrants; microalbuminuria cardiovascular disease; hypertension; type 2 diabetes; immigrants; microalbuminuria

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MDPI and ACS Style

Sukhram, S.D.; Zarini, G.G.; Shaban, L.H.; Vaccaro, J.A.; Huffman, F.G. Microalbuminuria and Hypertension among Immigrants with Type 2 Diabetes: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111777

AMA Style

Sukhram SD, Zarini GG, Shaban LH, Vaccaro JA, Huffman FG. Microalbuminuria and Hypertension among Immigrants with Type 2 Diabetes: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(11):1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111777

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sukhram, Shiryn D., Gustavo G. Zarini, Lemia H. Shaban, Joan A. Vaccaro, and Fatma G. Huffman. 2022. "Microalbuminuria and Hypertension among Immigrants with Type 2 Diabetes: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 11: 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111777

APA Style

Sukhram, S. D., Zarini, G. G., Shaban, L. H., Vaccaro, J. A., & Huffman, F. G. (2022). Microalbuminuria and Hypertension among Immigrants with Type 2 Diabetes: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(11), 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12111777

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