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Article

Premenopausal Singaporean Women Suffering from Major Depressive Disorder Treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Had Similar Bone Mineral Density as Compared with Healthy Controls

by
Roger C. Ho
1,2,
Anna N. Chua
1,
Syeda Fabeha Husain
3,*,
Wanqiu Tan
4,
Fengyi Hao
5,
Giang T. Vu
6,
Bach X. Tran
7,8,
Hien Thu Nguyen
9,
Roger S. McIntyre
10 and
Cyrus S. Ho
1
1
Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
2
Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
3
Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
4
Research Institute, National University of Singapore (Chongqing), Chongqing 401123, China
5
Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Mental Health Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Dian Xin Nan Jie 28, Chengdu 610041, China
6
Center of Excellence in Behavioural Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 60000, Vietnam
7
Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 70000, Vietnam
8
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
9
Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
10
Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2022, 12(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010096
Submission received: 10 December 2021 / Revised: 28 December 2021 / Accepted: 29 December 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Psychiatry)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment and lower bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial, and further research is required. This study aimed to compare the BMD, levels of bone formation and bone metabolism markers in medicated premenopausal Singaporean women with major depressive disorder (MDD) and matched healthy controls. We examined 45 women with MDD who received SSRI treatment (mean age: 37.64 ± 7) and 45 healthy controls (mean age: 38.1 ± 9.2). BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also measured bone formation markers, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and bone metabolism markers, osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL). There were no significant differences in the mean BMD in the lumbar spine (healthy controls: 1.04 ± 0.173 vs. MDD patients: 1.024 ± 0.145, p = 0.617, left hip (healthy controls: 0.823 ± 0.117 vs. MDD patients: 0.861 ± 0.146, p = 0.181) and right hip (healthy controls: 0.843 ± 0.117 vs. MDD patients: 0.85 ± 0.135, p = 0.784) between healthy controls and medicated patients with MDD. There were no significant differences in median P1NP (healthy controls: 35.9 vs. MDD patients: 37.3, p = 0.635), OPG (healthy controls: 2.6 vs. MDD patients: 2.7, p = 0.545), RANKL (healthy controls: 23.4 vs. MDD patients: 2178.93, p = 0.279) and RANKL/OPG ratio (healthy controls: 4.1 vs. MDD patients: 741.4, p = 0.279) between healthy controls and medicated patients with MDD. Chronic SSRI treatment might not be associated with low BMD in premenopausal Singaporean women who suffered from MDD. This finding may help female patients with MDD make an informed decision when considering the risks and benefits of SSRI treatment.
Keywords: bone mineral density; major depressive disorder; premenopause; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI); women bone mineral density; major depressive disorder; premenopause; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI); women

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ho, R.C.; Chua, A.N.; Husain, S.F.; Tan, W.; Hao, F.; Vu, G.T.; Tran, B.X.; Nguyen, H.T.; McIntyre, R.S.; Ho, C.S. Premenopausal Singaporean Women Suffering from Major Depressive Disorder Treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Had Similar Bone Mineral Density as Compared with Healthy Controls. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010096

AMA Style

Ho RC, Chua AN, Husain SF, Tan W, Hao F, Vu GT, Tran BX, Nguyen HT, McIntyre RS, Ho CS. Premenopausal Singaporean Women Suffering from Major Depressive Disorder Treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Had Similar Bone Mineral Density as Compared with Healthy Controls. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(1):96. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010096

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ho, Roger C., Anna N. Chua, Syeda Fabeha Husain, Wanqiu Tan, Fengyi Hao, Giang T. Vu, Bach X. Tran, Hien Thu Nguyen, Roger S. McIntyre, and Cyrus S. Ho. 2022. "Premenopausal Singaporean Women Suffering from Major Depressive Disorder Treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Had Similar Bone Mineral Density as Compared with Healthy Controls" Diagnostics 12, no. 1: 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010096

APA Style

Ho, R. C., Chua, A. N., Husain, S. F., Tan, W., Hao, F., Vu, G. T., Tran, B. X., Nguyen, H. T., McIntyre, R. S., & Ho, C. S. (2022). Premenopausal Singaporean Women Suffering from Major Depressive Disorder Treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Had Similar Bone Mineral Density as Compared with Healthy Controls. Diagnostics, 12(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010096

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