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10.3390/life14060759
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Article

A Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Medical Applications: The Role of Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity Studies

by
Piimwara Yarangsee
1,
Supakit Khacha-ananda
1,*,
Pornsiri Pitchakarn
2,
Unchisa Intayoung
1,
Sirikhwan Sriuan
1,
Jirarat Karinchai
2,
Apiwat Wijaikhum
3 and
Dheerawan Boonyawan
4
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
3
Research and Innovation Division, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, Nonthaburi 11130, Thailand
4
Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Life 2024, 14(6), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060759
Submission received: 6 May 2024 / Revised: 21 May 2024 / Accepted: 12 June 2024 / Published: 13 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Topic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, 2nd Volume)
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Abstract

Atmospheric nonthermal plasma (ANTP) has rapidly evolved as an innovative tool in biomedicine with various applications, especially in treating skin diseases. In particular, the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), which are generated by ANTP, plays an important role in the biological signaling pathways of human cells. Unfortunately, excessive amounts of these reactive species significantly result in cellular damage and cell death induction. To ensure the safe application of ANTP, preclinical in vitro studies must be conducted before proceeding to in vivo or clinical trials involving humans. Our study aimed to investigate adverse effects on genetic substances in murine fibroblast cells exposed to ANTP. Cell viability and proliferation were markedly reduced after exposing the cells with plasma. Both extracellular and intracellular reactive species, especially RNS, were significantly increased upon plasma exposure in the culture medium and the cells. Notably, significant DNA damage in the cells was observed in the cells exposed to plasma. However, plasma was not classified as a mutagen in the Ames test. This suggested that plasma led to the generation of both extracellular and intracellular reactive species, particularly nitrogen species, which affect cell proliferation and are also known to induce genetic damage in fibroblast cells. These results highlight the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of ANTP, emphasizing the need for the cautious selection of plasma intensity in specific applications to avoid adverse side effects resulting from reactive species production.
Keywords: mutagenicity; genotoxicity; cold air plasma jet; fibroblast cells mutagenicity; genotoxicity; cold air plasma jet; fibroblast cells

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yarangsee, P.; Khacha-ananda, S.; Pitchakarn, P.; Intayoung, U.; Sriuan, S.; Karinchai, J.; Wijaikhum, A.; Boonyawan, D. A Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Medical Applications: The Role of Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity Studies. Life 2024, 14, 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060759

AMA Style

Yarangsee P, Khacha-ananda S, Pitchakarn P, Intayoung U, Sriuan S, Karinchai J, Wijaikhum A, Boonyawan D. A Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Medical Applications: The Role of Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity Studies. Life. 2024; 14(6):759. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060759

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yarangsee, Piimwara, Supakit Khacha-ananda, Pornsiri Pitchakarn, Unchisa Intayoung, Sirikhwan Sriuan, Jirarat Karinchai, Apiwat Wijaikhum, and Dheerawan Boonyawan. 2024. "A Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Medical Applications: The Role of Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity Studies" Life 14, no. 6: 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060759

APA Style

Yarangsee, P., Khacha-ananda, S., Pitchakarn, P., Intayoung, U., Sriuan, S., Karinchai, J., Wijaikhum, A., & Boonyawan, D. (2024). A Nonclinical Safety Evaluation of Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Medical Applications: The Role of Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity Studies. Life, 14(6), 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060759

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