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Minerals, Volume 15, Issue 6

June 2025 - 114 articles

Cover Story: The current study examines rare-metal pegmatites hosted by the 1.8 Ga per-alkaline albite-enriched granite of the renowned Madeira deposit (Amazonas, Brazil). Four types are identified, all derived from magmatic fluids of the host rock. Their mineralogy reflects a rare-metal-rich paragenesis, including cryolite, polylithionite, pyrochlore, xenotime, and genthelvite. These pegmatites record a magmatic–hydrothermal evolution driven by extreme fractionation, melt–melt immiscibility, and internal fluid exsolution. The exceptionally high F content (up to 35 wt.%) played a decisive role in concentrating the strategic metals Nb, Ta, REEs (notably HREE), Li, and Be. These findings establish the Madeira system as a reference for rare-metal magmatic–hydrothermal evolution in per-alkaline granitic systems. View this paper
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Minerals - ISSN 2075-163X