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Volume 16
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10.3390/cryst16030166
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Article

Towards High-Performance Heat-Resistant Magnesium Alloys: The Role of Mn in Asymmetric Extruded Mg-Al-Sn-Ca Alloys

by
Ding-Hao Xu
1,
Xu Guo
2,
Dian-Mai Zhou
1,
Wen-Xue Zhao
1,
Dong-Ri Xu
1,
Hao-Cheng Leng
1,
Yong-Xin Qu
1,
Hao Liu
1,
Ning Zhang
1,
Bai-Tong Zhou
1,
Jin-Long Cai
2 and
Zhi-Gang Li
2,*
1
National Railway Vehicle Engineering Research Center, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., Changchun 130062, China
2
Key Laboratory of Automotive Materials Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2026, 16(3), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16030166
Submission received: 7 February 2026 / Revised: 23 February 2026 / Accepted: 27 February 2026 / Published: 28 February 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Crystalline Metals and Alloys)
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Abstract

This work systematically investigates the influence of Mn content (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.%) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and high-temperature stability of asymmetric extruded Mg-4.0Al-0.8Sn-0.3Ca-xMn alloys. The results demonstrate that Mn addition effectively promotes the formation of multi-scale secondary phases. Increasing the Mn content refines the average grain size from ∼2.82 µm to ∼1.89 µm and significantly modulates the recrystallization behavior of the alloy. The ATX4103-05Mn alloy (0.5 wt.% Mn) exhibits an optimal strength–ductility synergy, achieving a yield strength of 281.8 MPa and an elongation of 19.1%. Quantitative analysis reveals that this enhancement is predominantly governed by dispersion strengthening (∆σp∼34.1 MPa), with supplementary contributions from grain boundary and dislocation strengthening. Furthermore, the ATX4103-05Mn alloy shows superior resistance to abnormal grain growth after thermal exposure at 400 °C for 10 h, which is attributed to effective Zener pinning by the uniform distribution of short rod-shaped Al8Mn5 phases along the grain boundaries. This study elucidates the multi-scale strengthening and thermal stabilization mechanisms enabled by Mn microalloying, providing a viable pathway for developing high-performance, thermally stable magnesium alloys.
Keywords: magnesium alloy; asymmetric extrusion; high-temperature thermal exposure; Mn addition magnesium alloy; asymmetric extrusion; high-temperature thermal exposure; Mn addition

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xu, D.-H.; Guo, X.; Zhou, D.-M.; Zhao, W.-X.; Xu, D.-R.; Leng, H.-C.; Qu, Y.-X.; Liu, H.; Zhang, N.; Zhou, B.-T.; et al. Towards High-Performance Heat-Resistant Magnesium Alloys: The Role of Mn in Asymmetric Extruded Mg-Al-Sn-Ca Alloys. Crystals 2026, 16, 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16030166

AMA Style

Xu D-H, Guo X, Zhou D-M, Zhao W-X, Xu D-R, Leng H-C, Qu Y-X, Liu H, Zhang N, Zhou B-T, et al. Towards High-Performance Heat-Resistant Magnesium Alloys: The Role of Mn in Asymmetric Extruded Mg-Al-Sn-Ca Alloys. Crystals. 2026; 16(3):166. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16030166

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu, Ding-Hao, Xu Guo, Dian-Mai Zhou, Wen-Xue Zhao, Dong-Ri Xu, Hao-Cheng Leng, Yong-Xin Qu, Hao Liu, Ning Zhang, Bai-Tong Zhou, and et al. 2026. "Towards High-Performance Heat-Resistant Magnesium Alloys: The Role of Mn in Asymmetric Extruded Mg-Al-Sn-Ca Alloys" Crystals 16, no. 3: 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16030166

APA Style

Xu, D.-H., Guo, X., Zhou, D.-M., Zhao, W.-X., Xu, D.-R., Leng, H.-C., Qu, Y.-X., Liu, H., Zhang, N., Zhou, B.-T., Cai, J.-L., & Li, Z.-G. (2026). Towards High-Performance Heat-Resistant Magnesium Alloys: The Role of Mn in Asymmetric Extruded Mg-Al-Sn-Ca Alloys. Crystals, 16(3), 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16030166

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