Preclinical Verification of the Efficacy and Safety of Aqueous Plasma for Ovarian Cancer Therapy
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. PAM Inhibits the Cell Viability of Various Types of Ovarian Cancer Cells
2.2. The Antitumor Effect of PAM Is Antagonized by Iron Chelator on Ovarian and Normal Cells
2.3. Intraperitoneal PAM Injection Suppresses Abdominal Micrometastasis in a Mouse Model
2.4. PAM Suppresses ES2 Cell Growth on Metastasized Omentum
2.5. Intraperitoneal PAL Washing Therapy Prolongs the Overall Survival in an Ovarian Cancer Mouse Model
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Cultures
4.2. Plasma System and Preparation of PAM and PAL
4.3. Cell Viability Assay
4.4. Animal Study
4.5. Histological Analysis and Immunohistochemistry
4.6. Intraperitoneal PAL Washing Therapy
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Day | N | TP (g/dL) | ALB (g/dL) | T-Bil (mg/dL) | GLU (mg/dL) | TG (mg/dL) | T-cho (mg/dL) | BUN (mg/dL) | CRE (mg/dL) | Na (mEQ/L) | Cl (mEQ/L) | K (mEQ/L) | Ca (mg/dL) | GOT (IU/L) | GPT (IU/L) | LDH (IU/L) | ALP (IU/L) | γ-GTP (IU/L) | |
3 | Ctrl | 4 | 4.7 ±0.22 | 3.1 ±0.10 | 0.02 ±0.019 | 202 ±38.1 | 50 ±19.0 | 59 ±3.3 | 30.6 ±2.15 | 0.16 ±0.02 | 147 ±4.0 | 112 ±3.2 | 7.7 ±1.3 | 8.4 ±0.38 | 149 ±57.5 | 5 ±2.4 | 613 ±105.4 | 279 ±39.4 | <3 |
PAM | 3 | 4.6 ±0.59 | 2.9 ±0.15 | 0.01 ±0.017 | 200 ±25.7 | 62 ±1.5 | 61 ±9.8 | 25.6 ±4.99 | 0.22 ±0.10 | 143 ±5.0 | 105 ±9.8 | 8.1 ±1.5 | 8.1 ±0.99 | 243 ±181.5 | 7 ±1.4 | 1187 ±957.4 | 294 ±16.8 | <6 | |
p value | 0.84 | 0.09 | 0.74 | 0.94 | 0.31 | 0.65 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.25 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.36 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.57 | - | ||
24 | Ctrl | 4 | 4.6 ±0.13 | 3.0 ±0.13 | 0.01 ±0.008 | 212 ±26.3 | 25 ±17.4 | 55 ±9.5 | 48.9 ±39.3 | 0.34 ±0.35 | 147 ±2.2 | 111 ±1.3 | 8.4 ±5.4 | 7.7 ±0.33 | 140 ±48.6 | 3 ±0.6 | 603 ±225.2 | 247 ±37.5 | <3 |
PAM | 3 | 4.7 ±0.06 | 2.9 ±0.12 | 0.01 ±0.006 | 193 ±24.5 | 33 ±10.3 | 53 ±1.0 | 23.1 ±3.07 | 0.10 ±0.04 | 149 ±1.5 | 112 ±1.5 | 5.4 ±1.4 | 8.1 ±0.21 | 61 ±2.1 | <3 | 216 ±95.2 | 218 ±23.4 | <3 | |
p value | 0.21 | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.37 | 0.54 | 0.71 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.40 | 0.18 | 0.04 * | - | 0.04 * | 0.31 | - | ||
1ref. from charlse river | 10 | 4.83 ±0.337 | 3.02 ±0.204 | 0.024 ±0.0117 | 147.1 ±23.44 | 19.1 ±6.77 | 78 ±16.02 | 27.8 ±10.32 | 0.183 ±0.0134 | 153.8 ±2.86 | 114.9 ±3.35 | 3.6 ±0.435 | 9.9 ±0.377 | 115.2 ±48.79 | 46.8 ±11.71 | - | 180.6 ±25.18 | 0 |
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Nakamura, K.; Yoshikawa, N.; Mizuno, Y.; Ito, M.; Tanaka, H.; Mizuno, M.; Toyokuni, S.; Hori, M.; Kikkawa, F.; Kajiyama, H. Preclinical Verification of the Efficacy and Safety of Aqueous Plasma for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Cancers 2021, 13, 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051141
Nakamura K, Yoshikawa N, Mizuno Y, Ito M, Tanaka H, Mizuno M, Toyokuni S, Hori M, Kikkawa F, Kajiyama H. Preclinical Verification of the Efficacy and Safety of Aqueous Plasma for Ovarian Cancer Therapy. Cancers. 2021; 13(5):1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051141
Chicago/Turabian StyleNakamura, Kae, Nobuhisa Yoshikawa, Yuko Mizuno, Miwa Ito, Hiromasa Tanaka, Masaaki Mizuno, Shinya Toyokuni, Masaru Hori, Fumitaka Kikkawa, and Hiroaki Kajiyama. 2021. "Preclinical Verification of the Efficacy and Safety of Aqueous Plasma for Ovarian Cancer Therapy" Cancers 13, no. 5: 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13051141