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Infectious Disease Reports
Volume 10
Issue 3
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Infectious Disease Reports is published by MDPI from Volume 12 Issue 3 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.

Infect. Dis. Rep., Volume 10, Issue 3 (November 2018) – 6 articles

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352 KiB  
Case Report
Mycetoma in Timor-Leste and First Report of Nocardiosis
by Nicola Townell, Thomas Locke, Margaret Gibbons, Dan Murphy, Joshua Francis and Clare Nourse
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(3), 7804; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7804 - 12 Dec 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 490
Abstract
Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease with an unknown global burden. Although considered endemic to South-east Asia, it has not previously been reported from Timor-Lest. We describe two cases in Timor-Leste, highlighting the challenges surrounding microbiological diagnosis and management shared by many low [...] Read more.
Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease with an unknown global burden. Although considered endemic to South-east Asia, it has not previously been reported from Timor-Lest. We describe two cases in Timor-Leste, highlighting the challenges surrounding microbiological diagnosis and management shared by many low to middle-income countries. As characteristically described, both patients lived rurally and presented late with marked soft tissue involvement and multiple draining sinuses following a prolonged period of high morbidity. Nocardia brasiliensis, a beadedbranched, modified acid-fast, gram-positive bacilli, was isolated and confirmed by molecular testing in the first case. The causative organism in the second case could not be confirmed due to limited microbiological capabilities. Due to limited local laboratory capabilities, Nocardia spp. infection cannot be routinely confirmed in Timor- Leste. However, the microbiology laboratory is essential for the successful diagnosis and management of Mycetoma. In both cases, medical therapy alone resulted in cure and favorable outcomes, although supply of antibiotic remains an ongoing resource issue. Full article
458 KiB  
Case Report
A Case of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis during Treatment for Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease
by Motoi Ugajin and Hisanori Kani
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(3), 7785; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7785 - 05 Dec 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 462
Abstract
Prolonged immunosuppressive therapy is a risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. We report a case of a 79-yearold man who underwent immunosuppressive therapy with methylprednisolone and cyclosporine for an acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease. Ten days after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, the [...] Read more.
Prolonged immunosuppressive therapy is a risk factor for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. We report a case of a 79-yearold man who underwent immunosuppressive therapy with methylprednisolone and cyclosporine for an acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease. Ten days after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, the patient reported night sweats and purulent sputum, and chest computed tomography scan revealed consolidation. He was diagnosed with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and required vasopressor support with oxygen therapy. After the administration of voriconazole and the modulation of immunosuppressive therapy, his condition improved. Short-term immunosuppressive therapy can also induce invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Full article
474 KiB  
Article
Aortitis Caused by Abiotrophia defectiva: Description of Two Cases
by David Nygren, Martin Älverbrandt, Torgny Sunnerhagen, Erika Fagman, Ellen Ostenfeld and Magnus Rasmussen
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(3), 7746; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7746 - 05 Dec 2018
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 521
Abstract
Abiotrophia defectiva is a well-known endocarditis pathogen, however it has never been described as a cause of primary aortitis. Here we describe the first published case of thoracic aortitis and an unusual case of aortic graft infection due to A. defectiva, which [...] Read more.
Abiotrophia defectiva is a well-known endocarditis pathogen, however it has never been described as a cause of primary aortitis. Here we describe the first published case of thoracic aortitis and an unusual case of aortic graft infection due to A. defectiva, which were both managed conservatively. Full article
400 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Incidence and Epidemiology of Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Disease over the Last Two Decades in Crete, Greece
by Eleni Vergadi, Antonia Manoura, Emmanouil Chatzakis, Emmanouil Karavitakis, Sofia Maraki and Emmanouil Galanakis
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(3), 7744; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7744 - 05 Dec 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 652
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) remains a leading cause of neonatal disease. However, GBS rates and prevention strategies vary considerably worldwide. Herein, we investigated the burden and epidemiological trends of neonatal GBS infections in our area (Greece) over the last two decades. We conducted [...] Read more.
Group B streptococcus (GBS) remains a leading cause of neonatal disease. However, GBS rates and prevention strategies vary considerably worldwide. Herein, we investigated the burden and epidemiological trends of neonatal GBS infections in our area (Greece) over the last two decades. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study that includes all cases of culture-proven GBS disease in infants <90 days old in the last 22 years. Neonatal GBS incidence was 0.17/1000 live births (95%CI: 0.11-0.21). A significant increase was noted during the second decade (0.23 vs 0.10/1000, P<0.05). Late onset disease (LOD) significantly increased during the second decade (0.08 vs 0.02, P<0.05). Infants in the LOD group had a higher risk of meningitis (RR 1.8, 95%CI: 1.23-2.71). Long-term neurological sequelae were reported in 42.8% of meningitis cases. The mortality rate was 8%. The incidence of neonatal GBS disease in our area is among the lowest reported, but an increase was noted the last decade mainly due a rise in the LOD. The burden of LOD, the mortality and long-term disability are still substantial, thus effective prevention strategies − including maternal vaccination for neonatal GBS − are needed. Full article
301 KiB  
Case Report
Transplacental Transmission: A Rare Case of Ebola Virus Transmission
by Lawrence Okoror, Abdul Kamara, Brima Kargbo, James Bangura and Mat Lebby
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(3), 7725; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7725 - 05 Dec 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 957
Abstract
During the mid-transmission period of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Sierra Leone, a 19-year-old pregnant woman, who was a petty trader in a health facility in Freetown, noticing no fetal movement for the past 3 days, reported to a health facility. [...] Read more.
During the mid-transmission period of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Sierra Leone, a 19-year-old pregnant woman, who was a petty trader in a health facility in Freetown, noticing no fetal movement for the past 3 days, reported to a health facility. Medical history and laboratory testing showed no abnormalities except that she was positive for sickle cell. She was not known to any surveillance team of having any epidemiological link to EVD case. She was induced with oral medications as well as IV infusion. EVD test showed that the fetus was positive to EVD with a high threshold value of 21, while the woman was negative for EVD with a threshold value of 42. The woman was positive to EVD IgG but negative to EVD IgM by ELISA technique. This is a rare EVD case in the period of medium transmission. We conclude that the woman may have come into contact with a low dose of virus not enough to cause a full blown EVD and that her immune system was able to stop the virus from further replication. Full article
362 KiB  
Case Report
Aortic Valve Endocarditis with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: A Rare Zoonosis
by Jenny Jónsdóttir Nielsen, Bjørn Blomberg, Shahin Gaïni and Steinar Lundemoen
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(3), 7770; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7770 - 06 Nov 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 594
Abstract
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae has an economic impact in animal husbandry by causing infection in swine, sheep and poultry. E. rhusiopathiae is present in the surface mucoid slime on fish, although fishes do not seem to be affected. Humans can get infected, maost often through [...] Read more.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae has an economic impact in animal husbandry by causing infection in swine, sheep and poultry. E. rhusiopathiae is present in the surface mucoid slime on fish, although fishes do not seem to be affected. Humans can get infected, maost often through occupational exposure and may suffer typical erysipeloid infection on exposed skin such as on hands and fingers, or deeper skin infections, and sometimes sepsis and endocarditis, associated with high case-fatality rate. We describe a case of aortic valve endocarditis caused by E. rhusiopathiae in a 59-year-old man who enjoyed fishing in his spare time. Full article
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