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Materials
Volume 18
Issue 21
10.3390/ma18215004
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Review

Progress in Self-Repair Technology for Concrete Cracks via Biomineralization

by
Meirong Zong
1,*,
Wenhao Wang
1,
Haozhe Ma
1,
Nshuti Cedrick
1,
Yuting Sun
1,
Xiancui Yan
1,
Hui Liu
1,
Pinghua Zhu
1 and
Minqi Hua
2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
2
School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(21), 5004; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18215004 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 September 2025 / Revised: 21 October 2025 / Accepted: 31 October 2025 / Published: 1 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Biomaterials—2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Biomineralized self-healing concrete is a type of concrete that, during its service life, induces the generation of calcium carbonate through the participation of microorganisms or active enzymes, thereby achieving self-repair of cracks at different times. Self-healing concrete based on biomineralization can achieve sustainable crack repair and could enhance the strength and extend the service life of buildings. This article comprehensively analyzes the latest progress in bio-self-healing concrete, including microbial-based self-healing, enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP), microcapsule-loaded microbial in situ remediation, and bio-inorganic mineral synergist self-healing technology. The maximum repairable width of the crack is 2.0 mm, and concrete strength can be increased by 135%. These methods offer new insights and strategies for the repair of concrete cracks, providing fundamental knowledge for the later application of intelligent engineering of bio-self-healing concrete and the analysis of micro-interface mechanisms. At the same time, they clarify the practical possibility of microbial technology in building materials science and engineering and offer key theoretical support for the long-term development of China’s construction industry.
Keywords: self-healing cracks; concrete bioremediation; enzyme-mediated processes; microencapsulation; calcium carbonate carbonation self-healing cracks; concrete bioremediation; enzyme-mediated processes; microencapsulation; calcium carbonate carbonation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zong, M.; Wang, W.; Ma, H.; Cedrick, N.; Sun, Y.; Yan, X.; Liu, H.; Zhu, P.; Hua, M. Progress in Self-Repair Technology for Concrete Cracks via Biomineralization. Materials 2025, 18, 5004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18215004

AMA Style

Zong M, Wang W, Ma H, Cedrick N, Sun Y, Yan X, Liu H, Zhu P, Hua M. Progress in Self-Repair Technology for Concrete Cracks via Biomineralization. Materials. 2025; 18(21):5004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18215004

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zong, Meirong, Wenhao Wang, Haozhe Ma, Nshuti Cedrick, Yuting Sun, Xiancui Yan, Hui Liu, Pinghua Zhu, and Minqi Hua. 2025. "Progress in Self-Repair Technology for Concrete Cracks via Biomineralization" Materials 18, no. 21: 5004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18215004

APA Style

Zong, M., Wang, W., Ma, H., Cedrick, N., Sun, Y., Yan, X., Liu, H., Zhu, P., & Hua, M. (2025). Progress in Self-Repair Technology for Concrete Cracks via Biomineralization. Materials, 18(21), 5004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18215004

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