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10.3390/ma16010153
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Article

Effect of Vacancy Behavior on Precipitate Formation in a Reduced-Activation V−Cr−Mn Medium-Entropy Alloy

by
Tianjiao Wang
1,2,†,
Te Zhu
2,3,†,
Dandan Wang
1,*,
Peng Zhang
2,
Yamin Song
2,
Fengjiao Ye
2,
Qianqian Wang
2,
Shuoxue Jin
2,
Runsheng Yu
2,
Fuyan Liu
2,
Peng Kuang
2,
Baoyi Wang
2,
Liben Li
1 and
Xingzhong Cao
2,*
1
School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
2
Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Beijing 100049, China
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Materials 2023, 16(1), 153; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010153
Submission received: 2 December 2022 / Revised: 15 December 2022 / Accepted: 21 December 2022 / Published: 23 December 2022
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Abstract

In this work, we studied the evolution of vacancy-like defects and the formation of brittle precipitates in a reduced-activation V−Cr−Mn medium-entropy alloy. The evolution of local electronic circumstances around Cr and Mn enrichments, the vacancy defects, and the CrMn3 precipitates were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and positron annihilation spectroscopy. The microstructure measurements showed that the Mn and Cr enrichments in the as-cast sample significantly evolved with temperature, i.e., from 400 °C, the Cr/Mn-segregated regions gradually dissolved into the matrix and then disappeared, and from 900 °C to 1000 °C, they existed as CrMn3 precipitates. The crystallite size of the phase corresponding to CrMn3 precipitates was about 29.4 nm at 900 °C and 43.7 nm at 1000 °C. The positron annihilation lifetime results demonstrated that the vacancies mediated the migration of Cr and Mn, and Cr and Mn segregation finally led to the formation of CrMn3 precipitates. The coincidence Doppler broadening results showed that the characteristic peak moved to the low-momentum direction, due to an increase in the size of the vacancy defects at the interface and the formation of CrMn3 precipitates.
Keywords: vacancy; precipitate; positron annihilation lifetime; coincidence Doppler broadening vacancy; precipitate; positron annihilation lifetime; coincidence Doppler broadening

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, T.; Zhu, T.; Wang, D.; Zhang, P.; Song, Y.; Ye, F.; Wang, Q.; Jin, S.; Yu, R.; Liu, F.; et al. Effect of Vacancy Behavior on Precipitate Formation in a Reduced-Activation V−Cr−Mn Medium-Entropy Alloy. Materials 2023, 16, 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010153

AMA Style

Wang T, Zhu T, Wang D, Zhang P, Song Y, Ye F, Wang Q, Jin S, Yu R, Liu F, et al. Effect of Vacancy Behavior on Precipitate Formation in a Reduced-Activation V−Cr−Mn Medium-Entropy Alloy. Materials. 2023; 16(1):153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010153

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Tianjiao, Te Zhu, Dandan Wang, Peng Zhang, Yamin Song, Fengjiao Ye, Qianqian Wang, Shuoxue Jin, Runsheng Yu, Fuyan Liu, and et al. 2023. "Effect of Vacancy Behavior on Precipitate Formation in a Reduced-Activation V−Cr−Mn Medium-Entropy Alloy" Materials 16, no. 1: 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010153

APA Style

Wang, T., Zhu, T., Wang, D., Zhang, P., Song, Y., Ye, F., Wang, Q., Jin, S., Yu, R., Liu, F., Kuang, P., Wang, B., Li, L., & Cao, X. (2023). Effect of Vacancy Behavior on Precipitate Formation in a Reduced-Activation V−Cr−Mn Medium-Entropy Alloy. Materials, 16(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010153

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