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Article

Optimizing Power Sharing and Demand Reduction in Distributed Energy Resources for Apartments Through Tenant Incentivization

1
School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
2
Zeco Energy, 6c/148 Chesterville Rd, Cheltenham, VIC 3192, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(15), 4073; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154073 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 27 June 2025 / Revised: 24 July 2025 / Accepted: 28 July 2025 / Published: 31 July 2025

Abstract

The increasing demand for electricity in multi-tenanted residential areas has placed unforeseen strain on sub-transformers, particularly in dense urban environments. This strain compromises overall grid performance and challenges utilities with shifting and rising peak demand periods. This study presents a novel approach to enhance the operation of a virtual power plant (VPP) comprising a microgrid (MG) integrated with renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). By employing an advanced monitoring and control system, the proposed topology enables efficient energy management and demand-side control within apartment complexes. The system supports controlled electricity distribution, reducing the likelihood of unpredictable demand spikes and alleviating stress on local infrastructure during peak periods. Additionally, the model capitalizes on the large number of tenancies to distribute electricity effectively, leveraging locally available RESs and ESSs behind the sub-transformer. The proposed research provides a systematic framework for managing electricity demand and optimizing resource utilization, contributing to grid reliability and a transition toward a more sustainable, decentralized energy system.
Keywords: virtual power plant (VPP); demand-side management; renewable energy integration (REI) virtual power plant (VPP); demand-side management; renewable energy integration (REI)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nambiar, J.; Yu, S.; Makam, J.; Trinh, H. Optimizing Power Sharing and Demand Reduction in Distributed Energy Resources for Apartments Through Tenant Incentivization. Energies 2025, 18, 4073. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154073

AMA Style

Nambiar J, Yu S, Makam J, Trinh H. Optimizing Power Sharing and Demand Reduction in Distributed Energy Resources for Apartments Through Tenant Incentivization. Energies. 2025; 18(15):4073. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154073

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nambiar, Janak, Samson Yu, Jag Makam, and Hieu Trinh. 2025. "Optimizing Power Sharing and Demand Reduction in Distributed Energy Resources for Apartments Through Tenant Incentivization" Energies 18, no. 15: 4073. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154073

APA Style

Nambiar, J., Yu, S., Makam, J., & Trinh, H. (2025). Optimizing Power Sharing and Demand Reduction in Distributed Energy Resources for Apartments Through Tenant Incentivization. Energies, 18(15), 4073. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154073

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