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Article

Energetic Analysis of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants as Substitutes for R410A and R134a in Ground-Source Heat Pumps

by
Laura Fedele
1,*,
Sergio Bobbo
1,
Davide Menegazzo
1,2,
Michele De Carli
2,
Laura Carnieletto
2,
Fabio Poletto
3,
Andrea Tarabotti
3,
Dimitris Mendrinos
4,
Giulia Mezzasalma
5 and
Adriana Bernardi
6
1
Istituto per le Tecnologie della Costruzione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-35127 Padua, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy
3
Hi-Ref Spa, I-35020 Tribano, Italy
4
Geothermal Energy Department, Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Saving, 19009 Pikermi, Greece
5
RED srl, Via le dell’Industria 58B, I-35127 Padua, Italy
6
Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-35127 Padua, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2023, 16(9), 3757; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093757
Submission received: 24 March 2023 / Revised: 20 April 2023 / Accepted: 21 April 2023 / Published: 27 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Shallow Geothermal Energy 2023)
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Abstract

The European building sector is responsible for approximately 40% of total energy consumption and for 36% of greenhouse gas emissions. Identifying technological solutions capable of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main objectives of the European Commission. Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are of particular interest for this purpose, promising a considerable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of HVAC systems. This paper reports the results of the energetic analysis carried out within the EU research project GEO4CIVHIC about the performance of geothermal heat pumps working with low-GWP refrigerants as alternatives for R134a and R410A. The work has been carried out through computer simulations based on base and regenerative reverse cycles. Several heat sink and heat source temperature conditions have been considered in order to evaluate the GSHPs’ performance in the whole range of real conditions that can be found in Europe. Particular attention has been paid to the evaluation of compression isentropic efficiency and its influence on the overall cycle performance when dealing with steady-state heat pump simulations. To do so, five different scenarios of isentropic efficiency calculation have been studied and discussed.
Keywords: ground-source heat pumps; low-GWP refrigerants; thermodynamic cycle efficiency ground-source heat pumps; low-GWP refrigerants; thermodynamic cycle efficiency

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fedele, L.; Bobbo, S.; Menegazzo, D.; De Carli, M.; Carnieletto, L.; Poletto, F.; Tarabotti, A.; Mendrinos, D.; Mezzasalma, G.; Bernardi, A. Energetic Analysis of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants as Substitutes for R410A and R134a in Ground-Source Heat Pumps. Energies 2023, 16, 3757. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093757

AMA Style

Fedele L, Bobbo S, Menegazzo D, De Carli M, Carnieletto L, Poletto F, Tarabotti A, Mendrinos D, Mezzasalma G, Bernardi A. Energetic Analysis of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants as Substitutes for R410A and R134a in Ground-Source Heat Pumps. Energies. 2023; 16(9):3757. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093757

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fedele, Laura, Sergio Bobbo, Davide Menegazzo, Michele De Carli, Laura Carnieletto, Fabio Poletto, Andrea Tarabotti, Dimitris Mendrinos, Giulia Mezzasalma, and Adriana Bernardi. 2023. "Energetic Analysis of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants as Substitutes for R410A and R134a in Ground-Source Heat Pumps" Energies 16, no. 9: 3757. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093757

APA Style

Fedele, L., Bobbo, S., Menegazzo, D., De Carli, M., Carnieletto, L., Poletto, F., Tarabotti, A., Mendrinos, D., Mezzasalma, G., & Bernardi, A. (2023). Energetic Analysis of Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants as Substitutes for R410A and R134a in Ground-Source Heat Pumps. Energies, 16(9), 3757. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093757

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