Submit to JEMR Review for JEMR

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Journal of Eye Movement Research is published by MDPI from Volume 18 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Bern Open Publishing (BOP).

J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 9, Issue 7 (October 2016) – 6 articles

Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.

Order results

Result details

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

13 pages, 669 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Age on Gaze Behavior in Older Drivers and Pedestrians—A Review

by Gal Ziv and Ronnie Lidor

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2016, 9(7), 1-13; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.9.7.6 (registering DOI) - 19 Dec 2016

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 127

Abstract

Gaze behavior can play an important role in the safety of both older drivers and older pedestrians, and therefore evidence-based knowledge related to gaze behavior in the older population should be communicated to those professionals who regularly work with this group. A review of 25 studies examining the effect of age on gaze behavior in drivers and pedestrians was conducted. A number of differences in gaze behavior in older and younger drivers and pedestrians are observed, among them (a) when changing lanes, older drivers do not glance as frequently as younger drivers at three important areas—the rear view mirror, the left side mirror, and the left blind spot, and (b) older drivers have a smaller horizontal gaze amplitude compared to younger drivers. Several methodological concerns were observed, among them: a scarcity of data on gaze behavior and elderly pedestrians and a lack of intervention studies. Additional studies should examine the use of a visionin-action paradigm and designated gaze-training interventions in both the elderly driver and elderly pedestrian populations, in order to reduce the number of motor vehicle accidents and pedestrian injuries among the older population. Full article

12 pages, 578 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Conversation Content on Viewing Dyadic Conversations

by Jarkko Hautala, Otto Loberg, Piia Astikainen, Lauri Nummenmaa and Jari K. Hietanen

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2016, 9(7), 1-12; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.9.7.5 (registering DOI) - 18 Nov 2016

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 75

Abstract

People typically follow conversations closely with their gaze. We asked whether this viewing is influenced by what is actually said in the conversation and by the viewer’s psychological condition. We recorded the eye movements of healthy (N = 16) and depressed (N = 25) participants while they were viewing video clips. Each video showed two people, each speaking one line of dialogue about socio-emotionally important (i.e., personal) or unimportant topics (matter-of-fact). Between the spoken lines, the viewers made more saccadic shifts between the discussants, and looked more at the second speaker, in personal vs. matter-of-fact conversations. Higher depression scores were correlated with less looking at the currently speaking discussant. We conclude that subtle social attention dynamics can be detected from eye movements and that these dynamics are sensitive to the observer’s psychological condition, such as depression. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 5625 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Probabilistic Approach for Eye-Tracking Based Process Tracing in Catalog Browsing

by Erina Ishikawa Schaffer, Hiroaki Kawashima and Takashi Matsuyama

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2016, 9(7), 1-14; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.9.7.4 (registering DOI) - 9 Nov 2016

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 73

Abstract

Eye movements are an important cue to understand consumer decision processes. Findings from existing studies suggest that the consumer decision process consists of a few dierent browsing states such as screening and evaluation. This study proposes a hidden Markov-based gaze model to reveal the characteristics and temporal changes of browsing states in catalog browsing situations. Unlike previous models that employ a heuristic rule-based approach, our model learns the browsing states in a bottom-up manner. Our model employs information about how often a decision maker looks at a selected item (the item finally selected by a decision maker) to identify the browsing states. We evaluated our model using eye tracking data in catalog browsing and confirmed our model can split decision process into meaningful browsing states. Finally, we propose an estimation method of browsing states that does not require the information of the selected item for applications such as an interactive decision support. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 772 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optically Induced Refractive Errors Reduces Fixation Stability But Saccade Latency Remains Stable

by Gro Horgen Vikesdal and Trine Langaas

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2016, 9(7), 1-8; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.9.7.3 (registering DOI) - 28 Oct 2016

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 70

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of optically induced refractive errors on saccade latency and fixation stability. Sixteen healthy, young adults (two males), with normal visual acuity and normal accommodation, performed a saccade task and a fixation task wearing a range of contact lenses (from +3.00 to −5.00 diopters) which induced visual blur and accommodation. The results showed that mean (±standard error) saccade latency was 207 (±5) milliseconds (ms) and remained stable with both visual blur and accommodation, whereas mean (±standard error) fixation stability was logBCEA 2.48 (±0.03) (arcmin²) and declined by about 0.09 logBCEA with both visual blur and accommodation. In healthy adults with normal vision, results indicate that recording of saccade latency can be completed accurately regardless of the moderate refractive errors induced in this study. Fixation stability, on the other hand, degrades slightly with blur and with accommodation. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1039 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Silent Reading of Music and Texts; Eye Movements and Integrative Reading Mechanisms

by Michel A. Cara and Gabriela Gómez Vera

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2016, 9(7), 1-17; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.9.7.2 (registering DOI) - 15 Oct 2016

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 99

Abstract

This study investigates to what extent structural units defined by physical and structural markers elicit different eye movement patterns when reading contrasting stimuli of music and verbal texts. Eye movements were tracked and compared in ten musicians undergoing Bachelor’s degrees as they silently read six texts and six pieces of music for piano: the music was contemporary, in modal style, and the style of the texts was informative and literary. Participants were music students at Universidad de Chile studying for Bachelor’s degrees. Information integration for both local (intrasentence/phrase) and global (intersentence/ phrase) levels of processing was assessed through regressive fixations at the first pass and re-reading stages. Memory involvement in musical and verbal processing was investigated using verbal working memory and spatial memory tasks, suggesting a link between spatial memory and the reading of contemporary music. Both local and global integrative controls vary according to the reading stages, with differences between music styles and text types. These differences relate to information intake and integrative reading mechanisms. Despite the fact that musicians used different strategies for processing verbal and musical information, no cross-patterns of individual reading strategies were observed between conditions. Although the underlying processes are different, resource-sharing between the two domains cannot be ruled out. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 449 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Music Sight-Reading Expertise, Visually Disrupted Score and Eye Movements

by Patricia Arthur, Sieu Khuu and Diana Blom

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2016, 9(7), 1-11; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.9.7.1 - 15 Oct 2016

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 117

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that performance at a defined level of music sight-reading for pianists (6th Grade) is predictive of eye movement patterns (Waters, Townsend, & Underwood, 1998) and that such patterns resemble those of text reading experts (Furneaux & Land, 1999, Sloboda, 1974, Truitt, Clifton, Pollatsek, & Rayner, 1997; Wolf, 1976). These patterns include fewer fixations of shorter duration and fewer regressive saccades that allows for more efficient processing of visual information per fixation. However, little is known about how expertise might affect eye movement patterns when the score has been visually disrupted using notational features that are unexpected or outside conventional presentation. The current project examined the effect of altering features of the music score on eye movement patterns of expert and non-expert music sight-readers. Participants read, by sight, specifically composed musical excerpts. These pieces were then re-presented with the bar-lines removed, disrupted spacing and unpredictable beaming directions. Fixation and saccade characteristics were measured and compared between the two performances. It was expected that expert music sight-readers would be most affected when the score was disrupted as they would be less capable of grouping notes into familiar, single units for efficient visual processing. Expert sight-readers performed significantly faster than non-experts in both conditions: p < 0.0001. Saccadic latency increased significantly for experts in the disrupted condition: p = 0.03. Non-experts increased slightly, but not significantly. This suggests that the disruption of visual expectation was sufficient to cause a lengthening of saccade programming in the experts—an indication of interference with the ‘chunking’ process. The resultant EM patterns for the non-experts demonstrated heightened non-expert behaviours: increased fixations of shorter duration. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Displaying articles 1-6

Previous Issue

Volume 9, August

Next Issue

Volume 10, January

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 9, Issue 7 (October 2016) – 6 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI