Advantage in Reading Lexical Bundles is Reduced in Non-Native Speakers
Abstract
:Introduction
- -
- Assuming holistic storage and processing of lexical bundles, we expect to find shorter overall fixation times in lexical bundles compared to non-formulaic control sequences.
- -
- We also predict that contrary to native speakers this processing advantage is absent or at least less pronounced in non-native speakers.
Methods
Item Selection
- (1)
- Winning an Oscar has ‘nothing to do with’ having much talent,
- (2)
- Ben realized that Tom had seen ‘nothing of the film’ last night.
Participants
Procedure
Eye-movement recording and data analysis
Results
Response accuracy
First-pass reading time
Total reading time
Discussion
Appendix A. Items
References
- Arnon, I., and N. Snider. 2010. More than words: Frequency effects for multi-word phrases. Journal of Memory and Language 62: 67–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barlow, M. 2004. Collocate 1.0: Locating collocations and terminology. Houston: Athelstan. [Google Scholar]
- Bates, D., and M. Maechler. 2011. lme4: Linear mixed modeling using S4 classes (Computer program and manual). http://cran.r- project.org/web/packages/lme4/index.html.
- Biber, D., S. Conrad, and V. Cortes. 2004. If you look at... : Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics 25: 371–405. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Biber, D., S. Johansson, G. Leech, S. Conrad, and E. Finegan. 1999. Longman grammar of spoken and written English. Harlow: Longman. [Google Scholar]
- Bybee, J. 2006. From usage to grammar: The mind’s response to repetition. Language 82: 711–733. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Church, K. W., W. Gale, P. Hanks, and D. Hindle. 1991. Edited by U. Zernik. Using statistics in lexical analysis. In Lexical Acquisition: Exploiting On-Line Resources to Build a Lexicon. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 115–164. [Google Scholar]
- Columbus, G. 2010. Edited by D. Wood. Processing MWUs: Are MWU subtypes psycholinguistically real? In Perspectives on Formulaic Language: Acquisition and Communication. London/New York: Continuum, pp. 194–212. [Google Scholar]
- Conklin, K., and N. Schmitt. 2008. Formulaic sequences: Are they processed more quickly than nonformulaic language by native and nonnative speakers. Applied Linguistics 29: 72–89. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Cock, S. 2004. Preferred sequences of words in NS and NNS speech. Belgian Journal of English Language and Literatures, 225–246. [Google Scholar]
- Durrant, P., and N. Schmitt. 2009a. To what extent do native and non-native writers make use of collocations? International Review of Applied Linguistics 47: 157–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Durrant, P., and N. Schmitt. 2009b. To what extent do native and non-native writers make use of collocations? International Review of Applied Linguistics 47: 157–177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ellis, N. 2002. Reflections on frequency effects in language processing. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 24: 297–339. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ellis, N., R. Simpson-Vlach, and C. Maynard. 2008. Formulaic language in native and second-language ppeakers: Psycholinguistics, corpus Linguistics, and TESOL. TESOL Quarterly 42: 375–396. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elman, J. L. 1990. Finding Structure in Time. Cognitive Science 14: 179–211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Engbert, R., A. Nuthmann, E. M. Richter, and R. Kliegl. 2005. SWIFT: A dynamical model of saccade generation during reading. Psychological Review 112: 777–813. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Erman, B., and B. Warren. 2000. The idiom principle and the open choice principle. Text 20: 29–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foster, P. 2001. Edited by M. Bygate, P. Skehan and M. Swain. Rules and routines: A consideration of their role in the task-based language production of native and non-native speakers. In Research pedagogic tasks: Second language learning, teaching and testing. Harlow: Longman, pp. 75–93. [Google Scholar]
- Gilquin, G. 2007. To err is not all: What corpus and elicitation can reveal about the use of collocations by learners. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 55: 273–291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Granger, S. 1998. Edited by A. P. Cowie. Prefabricated patterns in advanced EFL writing: Collocations and formulae. In Phraseology: Theory, analysis and application. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 145–160. [Google Scholar]
- Gries, S. 2010. Edited by S. Gries, S. Wulff and M. Davies. Disperions and adjusted freqeuncies in corpora: further explorations. In Corpus linguistic applications: current studies, new directions. Amsterdam: Rodopi, pp. 197–212. [Google Scholar]
- Hunston, S. 2002. Corpora in Applied Linguitics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
- Hyland, K. 2008. As can be seen: Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation. English for Specific Purposes 27: 4–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, N., and T. M. Nekrasova. 2007. The processing of formulaic sequences by second language speakers. Modern Language Journal 91: 433–445. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kjellmer, G. 1990. Edited by K. Aijmer and B. Altenberg. A mint of phrases. In English corpus linguistics: Studies in honour of Jan Svartvik. London: Longman, pp. 111–127. [Google Scholar]
- McDonald, S. A., and R. C. Shillcock. 2003. Low-level predictive inference in reading: the influence of transitional probabilities on eye movements. Vision Research 43: 1735–1751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moon, R. 1998. Edited by A. Cowie. Frequencies and forms of phrasal lexemes in English. In Phraseology: Theory, analysis, and applications. Oxford: Clarendon, pp. 79–100. [Google Scholar]
- Nattinger, J. R., and J. S. DeCarrico. 1992. Lexical phrases and language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]
- Nesselhauf, N. 2003. The use of collocations by advanced learners of English and some implications for teaching. Applied Linguistics 24: 223–242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pawley, A., and F. H. Syder. 1983. Edited by J. C. Richards and R. W. Schmidt. Two puzzles for linguistic theory: Nativelike selection and nativelike fluency. In Language and communication. New York: Longman, pp. 191–226. [Google Scholar]
- Reichle, E. D., A. Pollatsek, D. L. Fisher, and K. Rayner. 1998. Toward a model of eye movement control in reading. Psychological Review 105: 125–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schmitt, N. 2005. Formulaic language: Fixed and varied. Estudios de Linguistica Inglesa Aplicada 6: 13–39. [Google Scholar]
- Schmitt, N., ed. 2004. Formulaic sequences. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. [Google Scholar]
- Schmitt, N., and G. Underwood. 2004. Edited by N. Schmitt. Exploring the processing of formulaic sequences through a selfpaced reading task. In Formulaic sequences: Acquisition, processing, and use. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 173–189. [Google Scholar]
- Simpson, R., and D. Mendis. 2003. A corpus-based study of idioms in academic speech. Tesol Quarterly 37: 419–441. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sinclair, J. M. 1991. Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]
- Siyanova-Chanturia, A., K. Conklin, and N. Schmitt. 2011. Adding more fuel to the fire: An eye-tracking study of idiom processing by native and non-native speakers. Second Language Research 27: 251–272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Siyanova-Chanturia, A., K. Conklin, and W. J. B. van Heuven. 2011. Seeing a Phrase "Time and Again "Matters: The Role of Phrasal Frequency in the Processing of Multiword Sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Learning Memory and Cognition 37: 776–784. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tomasello, M. 2003. Constructing a language: A usage-based theory of language acquisition. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. [Google Scholar]
- Tremblay, A., and H. Baayen. 2010. Edited by D. Wood. Holistic processing of regular four-word sequences: A behavioural and ERP study of the effects of structure, frequency, and probability on immediate free recall. In Perspectives on Formulaic Language: Acquisition and Communication. London/New York: Continuum, pp. 151–173. [Google Scholar]
- Tremblay, A., B. Derwing, G. Libben, and C. Westbury. 2011. Processing Advantages of Lexical Bundles: Evidence From Self-Paced Reading and Sentence Recall Tasks. Language Learning 61: 569–613. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Underwood, G., N. Schmitt, and A. Galpin. 2004. Edited by N. Schmitt. The eyes have it: An eye-movement study into the processing of formulaic sequences. In Formulaic sequences: Acquisition, processing, and use. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 153–172. [Google Scholar]
- Wray, A. 2002. Formulaic language and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Google Scholar]
Copyright © 2013. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Share and Cite
Valsecchi, M.; Künstler, V.; Saage, S.; White, B.J.; Mukherjee, J.; Gegenfurtner, K.R. Advantage in Reading Lexical Bundles is Reduced in Non-Native Speakers. J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.5.2
Valsecchi M, Künstler V, Saage S, White BJ, Mukherjee J, Gegenfurtner KR. Advantage in Reading Lexical Bundles is Reduced in Non-Native Speakers. Journal of Eye Movement Research. 2013; 6(5):1-15. https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.5.2
Chicago/Turabian StyleValsecchi, Matteo, Viktoria Künstler, Sven Saage, Brian J. White, Joybrato Mukherjee, and Karl R. Gegenfurtner. 2013. "Advantage in Reading Lexical Bundles is Reduced in Non-Native Speakers" Journal of Eye Movement Research 6, no. 5: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.5.2
APA StyleValsecchi, M., Künstler, V., Saage, S., White, B. J., Mukherjee, J., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2013). Advantage in Reading Lexical Bundles is Reduced in Non-Native Speakers. Journal of Eye Movement Research, 6(5), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.5.2