Journal of Eye Movement Research

10 pages, 957 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Expertise in Music Reading: Cross-Modal Competence

by Véronique Drai-Zerbib and Thierry Baccino

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6(5), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.5.5 - 28 Jan 2014

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 83

We hypothesize that the fundamental difference between expert and learner musicians is the capacity to efficiently integrate cross-modal information. This capacity might be an index of an expert memory using both auditory and visual cues built during many years of learning and extensive practice. Investigating this issue through an eye-tracking experiment, two groups of musicians, experts and non-experts, were required to report whether a fragment of classical music, successively displayed both auditorily and visually on a computer screen (cross-modal presentation) was same or different. An accent mark, associated on a particular note, was located in a congruent or incongruent way according to musical harmony rules, during the auditory and reading phases. The cross-modal competence of experts was demonstrated by shorter fixation durations and less errors. Accent mark appeared for non-experts as interferences and lead to incorrect judgments. Results are discussed in terms of amodal memory for expert musicians that can be supported within the theoretical framework of Long-Term Working Memory (Ericsson and Kintsch, 1995). Full article

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12 pages, 545 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Shot Changes on Eye Movements in Subtitling

by Izabela Krejtz, Agnieszka Szarkowska and Krzysztof Krejtz

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6(5), 1-12; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.5.3 - 23 Dec 2013

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 72

Abstract

In this paper we address the question whether shot changes trigger the re-reading of subtitles. Although it has been accepted in the professional literature on subtitling that subtitles should not be displayed over shot changes as they induce subtitle re-reading, support for this claim in eye movement studies is difficult to find. In this study we examined eye movement patterns of 71 participants watching news and documentary clips. We analysed subject hit count, number of fixations, first fixation duration, fixation time percent and transition matrix before, during and after shot changes in subtitles displayed over a shot change. Results of our study show that most viewers do not re-read subtitles crossing shot changes. Full article

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22 pages, 1399 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Functionally Sequenced Scanpath Similarity Method (FuncSim): Comparing and Evaluating Scanpath Similarity Based on a Task’s Inherent Sequence of Functional (Action) Units

by Rebecca M. Foerster and Werner X. Schneider

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6(5), 1-22; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.5.4 - 14 Dec 2013

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 86

Abstract

Measures of scanpath similarity are essential in many domains of eye tracking research. Depending on the question, different calculations are adequate. We (Foerster, Carbone, Koesling, & Schneider, 2011) developed a method with a functional matching procedure suitable for sequential tasks. Here, we report two extensions. We introduced an alignment variant making the method more robust across tasks. We added the possibility to compare scanpaths according to multiple characteristics. The extended method, here called “functionally sequenced scanpath similarity method (FuncSim)” reveals whether gaze characteristics are similar in the same functional units of a task, opposed to when participants are engaged in different functional units. Finally, the advantages of our method are presented and compared to other methods of scanpath similarity calculation. Full article

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15 pages, 373 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Advantage in Reading Lexical Bundles is Reduced in Non-Native Speakers

by Matteo Valsecchi, Viktoria Künstler, Sven Saage, Brian J. White, Joybrato Mukherjee and Karl R. Gegenfurtner

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6(5), 1-15; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.5.2 - 10 Dec 2013

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 75

Abstract

Formulaic sequences such as idioms, collocations, and lexical bundles, which may be processed as holistic units, make up a large proportion of natural language. For language learners, however, formulaic patterns are a major barrier to achieving native like compe-tence. The present study investigated the processing of lexical bundles by native speakers and less advanced non-native English speakers using corpus analysis for the identification of lexical bundles and eye-tracking to measure the reading times. The participants read sentences containing 4-g and control phrases which were matched for sub-string fre-quency. The results for native speakers demonstrate a processing advantage for formulaic sequences over the matched control units. We do not find any processing advantage for non-native speakers which suggests that native like processing of lexical bundles comes only late in the acquisition process. Full article

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9 pages, 347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hearing Loss and a Supportive Tactile Signal in a Navigation System: Effects on Driving Behavior and Eye Movements

by Birgitta Thorslund, Björn Peters, Nicholas Herbert, Kenneth Holmqvist, Björn Lidestam, Alexander Black and Björn Lyxell

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6(5), 1-9; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.5.1 - 10 Dec 2013

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 78

Abstract

An on-road study was conducted to evaluate a complementary tactile navigation signal on driving behaviour and eye movements for drivers with hearing loss (HL) compared to drivers with normal hearing (NH). 32 participants (16 HL and 16 NH) performed two preprogrammed navigation tasks. In one, participants received only visual information, while the other also included a vibration in the seat to guide them in the correct direction. SMI glasses were used for eye tracking, recording the point of gaze within the scene. Analysis was performed on predefined regions. A questionnaire examined participant’s experience of the navigation systems. Hearing loss was associated with lower speed, higher satisfaction with the tactile signal and more glances in the rear view mirror. Additionally, tactile support led to less time spent viewing the navigation display. Full article

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J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 6, Issue 5 (January 2013) – 5 articles

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