Journal of Eye Movement Research

11 pages, 834 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combining EEG and Eye Tracking: Using Fixation-Locked Potentials in Visual Search

by Brent Winslow, Angela Carpenter, Jesse Flint, Xuezhong Wang, David Tomasetti, Matthew Johnston and Kelly Hale

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6(4), 1-11; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.4.5 - 28 Nov 2013

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 56

Abstract

Visual search is a complex task that involves many neural pathways to identify relevant areas of interest within a scene. Humans remain a critical component in visual search tasks, as they can effectively perceive anomalies within complex scenes. However, this task can be challenging, particularly under time pressure. In order to improve visual search training and performance, an objective, process-based measure is needed. Eye tracking technology can be used to drive real-time parsing of EEG recordings, providing an indication of the analysis process. In the current study, eye fixations were used to generate ERPs during a visual search task. Clear differences in ERPs were observed following training, suggesting that neurophysiological signatures could be developed to prevent errors in visual search tasks. Full article

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11 pages, 183 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eye Movements in Surgery: A Literature Review

by Frouke Hermens, Rhona Flin and Irfan Ahmed

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6(4), 1-11; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.4.4 - 8 Nov 2013

Cited by 45 | Viewed by 68

Abstract

With recent advances in eye tracking technology, it is now possible to track surgeons’ eye movements while engaged in a surgical task or when surgical residents practice their surgical skills. Several studies have compared eye movements of surgical experts and novices, developed techniques to assess surgical skill on the basis of eye movements, and examined the role of eye movements in surgical training. We here provide an overview of these studies with a focus on the methodological aspects. We conclude that the different studies of eye movements in surgery suggest that the recording of eye movements may be beneficial both for skill assessment and training purposes, although more research will be needed in this field. Full article

15 pages, 765 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining the Visual Screening Patterns of Emotional Facial Expressions with Gender, Age and Lateralization

by Banu Cangöz, Arif Altun, Petek Aşkar, Zeynel Baran and Sacide Güzin Mazman

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6(4), 1-15; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.4.3 - 5 Nov 2013

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 67

Abstract

The main objective of the study is to investigate the effects of age of model, gender of ob-server, and lateralization on visual screening patterns while looking at the emotional facial expressions. Data were collected through eye tracking methodology. The areas of interests were set to include eyes, nose and mouth. The selected eye metrics were first fixation dura-tion, fixation duration and fixation count. Those eye tracking metrics were recorded for different emotional expressions (sad, happy, neutral), and conditions (the age of model, part of face and lateralization). The results revealed that participants looked at the older faces shorter in time and fixated their gaze less compared to the younger faces. This study also showed that when participants were asked to passively look at the face expressions, eyes were important areas in determining sadness and happiness, whereas eyes and noise were important in determining neutral expression. The longest fixated face area was on eyes for both young and old models. Lastly, hemispheric lateralization hypothesis regarding emo-tional face process was supported. Full article

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9 pages, 333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evidence Supporting Open-Loop Control During Early Vergence

by John Semmlow, Tara Alvarez and Bérangère Granger-Donetti

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6(4), 1-9; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.4.2 - 5 Nov 2013

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 64

Abstract

Disparity vergence eye movements were analyzed to determine if the early component of this response operates under open-loop, or preprogrammed, control. The analysis compares ratios of peak velocity to response amplitude (i.e., main sequence ratios) for the isolated early component and for the entire disparity vergence response. The stimuli were limited a 4 deg step changes in vergence so that any differences in movement dynamics (i.e., peak velocities) were due only to internal noise. Nine binocularly normal subjects were studied. A significant correlation between peak velocity and amplitude was observed during the early portion of the movement (p < 0.002), but not for the overall vergence response. Results support the widely held, but unproven assumption that the early component of symmetrical vergence is guided by open-loop, or preprogrammed, control processes while the overall response is influenced by external and/or internal feedback. Full article

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13 pages, 769 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Different Types of Sounds Influence Gaze Differently in Videos

by Guanghan Song, Denis Pellerin and Lionel Granjon

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2013, 6(4), 1-13; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.6.4.1 - 12 Oct 2013

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 63

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the effect of different types of sounds on visual gaze when a person is looking freely at videos, which would be helpful to predict eye position. In order to test the effect of sound, an audio-visual experiment was designed with two groups of participants, with audio-visual (AV) and visual (V) conditions. By using statisti-cal tools, we analyzed the difference between eye position of participants with AV and V conditions. We observed that the effect of sound is different depending on the kind of sound, and that the classes with human voice (i.e., speech, singer, human noise and singers) have the greatest effect. Furthermore, the results of the distance between sound source and eye position of the group with AV condition, suggested that only particular types of sound attract human eye position to the sound source. Finally, an analysis of the fixation duration between AV and V conditions showed that participants with AV condition move eyes more frequently than those with V condition. Full article

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J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 6, Issue 4 (November 2013) – 5 articles

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