Journal of Eye Movement Research

13 pages, 1690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using Natural Head Movements to Continually Calibrate EOG Signals

by Jason R. Nezvadovitz and Hrishikesh M. Rao

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(5), 1-13; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.5.6 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 64

Electrooculography (EOG) is the measurement of eye movements using surface electrodes adhered around the eye. EOG systems can be designed to have an unobtrusive form-factor that is ideal for eye tracking in free-living over long durations, but the relationship between voltage and gaze direction requires frequent re-calibration as the skin-electrode impedance and retinal adaptation vary over time. Here we propose a method for automatically calibrating the EOG-gaze relationship by fusing EOG signals with gyroscopic measurements of head movement whenever the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is active. The fusion is executed as recursive inference on a hidden Markov model that accounts for all rotational degrees-of-freedom and uncertainties simultaneously. This enables continual calibration using natural eye and head movements while minimizing the impact of sensor noise. No external devices like monitors or cameras are needed. On average, our method’s gaze estimates deviate by 3.54° from those of an industry-standard desktop video-based eye tracker. Such discrepancy is on par with the latest mobile video eye trackers. Future work is focused on automatically detecting moments of VOR in free-living. Full article

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15 pages, 3668 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Do Weak Readers in Rural India Automatically Read Same Language Subtitles on Bollywood Films? An Eye Gaze Analysis

by Somnath Arjun, Brij Kothari, Nirav Kumar Shah and Pradipta Biswas

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(5), 1-15; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.5.4 - 24 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 70

Abstract

Same Language Subtitling (SLS) of audio-visual content on mainstream TV entertainment to improve mass reading literacy was first conceived and piloted in India. SLS is now being scaled up nationally to ensure that the reading skills of one billion TV viewers, including 600 million weak readers, remain on a lifelong pathway to practice, progress, and proficiency. Will weak readers ignore or try to read along with SLS? Our eye-tracking study investigates this question with 136 weak readers drawn from a remote village in Rajasthan state by showing them popular Hindi film clips of dialog and songs, with and without SLS. We developed an interactive web-based visual analytics tool for exploring eye-tracking data. Based on an analysis of fixations, saccades, and time spent in the subtitle and non-subtitle areas, our main finding is that 70 percent of weak readers engaged in unprompted reading while watching film clips with SLS. We observed that saccadic eye movement is a good indicator to quantify the amount of reading with SLS, and saccadic regression can further differentiate weak readers. Eye-tracking studies of weak readers watching subtitles are rare, and ours may be the first with subjects from rural India. Full article

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13 pages, 2397 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incorporation of Prior Knowledge and Habits While Solving Anagrams

by Jesse Murray, Andrew Sutter, Angelia Lobifaro, Graham Cousens and Minjoon Kouh

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(5), 1-13; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.5.5 - 5 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 76

Abstract

Games and puzzles provide a valuable context for examining human problemsolving behavior. We recorded and analyzed the sequence of letters viewed by the participants of our study while they were solving anagram puzzles. The goal was to examine and understand how people's linguistic habits and prior knowledge influenced their eye movements. The main findings of this study are: (1) People's stereotypical habit of scanning (e.g., adjacent or top viewing) strongly influences their solution-seeking behavior. (2) People tend to incorporate their prior knowledge of letter statistics in a reasonable way, such as looking less frequently at letter combinations that are uncommon in the English language. Full article

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12 pages, 1501 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mechanism of Word Satiation in Tibetan Reading: Evidence from Eye Movements

by Xuling Li, Man Zeng, Lei Gao, Shan Li, Zibei Niu, Danhui Wang, Tianzhi Li, Xuejun Bai and Xiaolei Gao

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(5), 1-12; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.5.3 - 1 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 62

Abstract

Two eye-tracking experiments were used to investigate the mechanism of word satiation in Tibetan reading. The results revealed that, at a low repetition level, gaze duration and total fixation duration in the semantically unrelated condition were significantly longer than in the semantically related condition; at a medium repetition level, reaction time in the semantically related condition was significantly longer than in the semantically unrelated condition; at a high repetition level, the total fixation duration and reaction time in the semantically related condition were significantly longer than in the semantically unrelated condition. However, fixation duration and reaction time showed no significant difference between the similar and dissimilar orthography at any repetition level. These findings imply that there are semantic priming effects in Tibetan reading at a low repetition level, but semantic satiation effects at greater repetition levels, which occur in the late stage of lexical processing. Full article

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245 pages, 1535 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Book of Abstracts of the 21th European Conference on Eye Movements in Leicester 2022

by Victoria A. McGowan, Ascensión Pagán, Kevin B. Paterson, David Souto and Rudolf Groner

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(5), 1-245; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.5.2 - 21 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 98

Abstract

The background of the front cover image depicts a portrait of King Richard III.[...] Full article

66 pages, 1635 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Programme of the 21st European Conference on Eye Movements

by Victoria A. McGowan, Ascensión Pagán, Kevin B. Paterson, David Souto and Rudolf Groner

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(5), 1-66; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.5.1 - 21 Aug 2022

Viewed by 54

Abstract

We are very excited to host the 21st European Conference on Eye Movements at the University of Leicester.[...] Full article

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J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 15, Issue 5 (August 2022) – 6 articles

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