Submit to JEMR Review for JEMR

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Journal of Eye Movement Research is published by MDPI from Volume 18 Issue 1 (2025). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Bern Open Publishing (BOP).

J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 15, Issue 4 (July 2022) – 6 articles

Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.

Order results

Result details

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

11 pages, 3424 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perception of Emotion and Postural Stability Control at Different Distances

by Soufien Chikh, Salma Charrada and Eric Watelain

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(4), 1-11; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.6 - 12 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 58

Abstract

The effect of emotion on postural control has been widely demonstrated in the literature. Postural control also depends on the distance that separates the subject from the observed stimulus. This work examines (i) the effect of distance on the perception of emotional stimuli and (ii) its effect on postural control. Sixty-eight women were asked to maintain orthostatic equilibrium under three emotional conditions (positive, negative, and neutral) at four distances (0.5 m, 2.1 m, 6 m, and 10 m). The findings showed that the perception of emotions was not influenced by distance but was influenced by valence and intensity, and that postural control was not influenced by emotional valence but by distance, with reduced oscillation amplitudes at 0.5 m distance. The perception of the image (valence and intensity) depended on the content, but not on the distance, and the presentation of emotional images tended to activate the defensive system, regardless of the emotional content. The center of pressure sway amplitude increased with an eye–object distance of up to 6 m (role of vision). The perception of the emotional effect was not linked to the distance effect on the postural control of women in static positions. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 679 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eye Movements During Reading and Their Relationship to Reading Assessment Outcomes in Swedish Elementary School Children

by Andrea Strandberg, Mattias Nilsson, Per Östberg and Gustaf Öqvist Seimyr

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(4), 1-16; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.3 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 88

Abstract

The characteristics of children’s eye movements during reading change as they gradually become better readers. However, few eye tracking studies have investigated children’s reading and reading development and little is known about the relationship between reading- related eye movement measures and reading assessment outcomes. We recorded and analyzed three basic eye movement measures in an ecologically valid eye-tracking set-up. The participants were Swedish children (n = 2876) who were recorded in their normal school environment. The relationship between eye movements and reading assessment outcomes was analyzed in using linear mixed effects models. We found similar age-related changes in eye movement characteristics as established in previous studies, and that eye movements seem to correlate with reading outcome measures. Additionally, our results show that eye movements predict the results on several tests from a word reading assessment. Hence eye tracking may potentially be a useful tool in assessing reading development. Full article

16 pages, 1917 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Smooth-Pursuit Performance during Eye-Typing from Memory Indicates Mental Fatigue

by Tanya Bafna-Rührer, Per Bækgaard and John Paulin Hansen

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(4), 1-16; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.2 - 6 Oct 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 81

Abstract

Mental fatigue is known to occur as a result of activities related to e.g. transportation, health-care, military operations and numerous other cognitive demanding tasks. Gaze tracking has wide-ranging applications, with the technology becoming more compact and processing power reducing. Though numerous techniques have been applied to measure mental fatigue using gaze tracking, smooth-pursuit movement, a natural eye movement generated when following a moving object with gaze, has not been explored with relation to mental fatigue. In this paper, we report the results from a smooth-pursuit movement based eye-typing experiment with varying task difficulty to generate cognitive load, performed in the morning and afternoon by 36 participants. We have investigated the effects of time-on-task and time of day on mental fatigue using self-reported questionnaires and smooth-pursuit performance, extracted from the gaze data. The self-reported mental fatigue increased due to time-on-task, but the time of day did not have an effect. The results illustrate that smooth-pursuit movement performance declined with time-on-task, with increased error in the gaze position and an inability to match the speed of the moving object. The findings exhibit the feasibility of mental fatigue detection using smoothpursuit movements during an eye-interactive task of eye-typing. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 794 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hidden Semi-Markov Models to Segment Reading Phases from Eye Movements

by Brice Olivier, Anne Guérin-Dugué and Jean-Baptiste Durand

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(4), 1-19; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.5 - 30 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 46

Abstract

Our objective is to analyze scanpaths acquired through participants achieving a reading task aiming at answering a binary question: Is the text related or not to some given target topic? We propose a data-driven method based on hidden semi-Markov chains to segment scanpaths into phases deduced from the model states, which are shown to represent different cognitive strategies: normal reading, fast reading, information search, and slow confirmation. These phases were confirmed using different external covariates, among which semantic information extracted from texts. Analyses highlighted some strong preference of specific participants for specific strategies and more globally, large individual variability in eye-movement characteristics, as accounted for by random effects. As a perspective, the possibility of improving reading models by accounting for possible heterogeneity sources during reading is discussed. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1984 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Eye Movements on Academic Performance: A Bibliometric and Citation Network Analysis

by Adrián Salgado-Fernández, Ana Vázquez-Amor, Cristina Alvarez-Peregrin, Clara Martinez-Perez, Cesar Villa-Collar and Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(4), 1-18; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.4 - 7 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 74

Abstract

Background: For many years it has been studied how eye movements influence reading and learning ability. The objective of this study is to determine the relationships between the different publications and authors. As well as to identify the different areas of research ocular movement.; Methods: Web of Science was the database for the search of publications for the period 1900 to May 2021, using the terms: “Eye movement" AND “Academic achiev*”. The analysis of the publication was performed using the CitNetExplorer, VOSviewer and CiteSpace software.; Results: 4391 publications and 11033 citation networks were found. The year with the most publications is 2018, a total of 318 publications and 10 citation networks. The most cited publication was "Saccade target selection and object recognition: evidence for a common attentional mechanism." published by Deubel et al. in 1999, with a citation index of 214. Using the Clustering function, nine groups were found that cover the main research areas in this field: neurological, age, perceptual attention, visual disturbances, sports, driving, sleep, vision therapy and academic performance.; Conclusion: Even being a multidisciplinary field of study, the topic with the most publications to date is the visual search procedure at the neurological level. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

33 pages, 1567 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Expertise on Eye Movements during Music Reading

by Joris Perra, Alice Latimier, Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat, Thierry Baccino and Véronique Drai-Zerbib

J. Eye Mov. Res. 2022, 15(4), 1-33; https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.1 - 28 Jul 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 67

Abstract

The current meta-analysis was conducted on 12 studies comparing the eye movements of expert versus non-expert musicians and attempted to determine which eye movement measures are expertise dependent during music reading. The total dataset of 61 comparisons was divided into four subsets, each concerning one eye-movement variable (i.e., fixation duration, number of fixations, saccade amplitude, and gaze duration). We used a variance estimation method to aggregate the effect sizes. The results support the robust finding of reduced fixation duration in expert musicians (Subset 1, g = -0.72). Due to low statistical power because of limited effect sizes, the results on the number of fixations, saccade amplitude, and gaze duration were not reliable. We conducted meta-regression analyses to determine potential moderators of the effect of expertise on eye movements (i.e., definition of experimental groups, type of musical task performed, type of musical material used or tempo control). Moderator analyses did not yield any reliable results. The need for consistency in the experimental methodology is discussed. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Displaying articles 1-6

Previous Issue

Volume 15, June

Next Issue

Volume 15, August

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

J. Eye Mov. Res., Volume 15, Issue 4 (July 2022) – 6 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI