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Article

Increased Odds for Depression and Antidepressant Use in the Inactive Spanish Population

by
Carmen Galán-Arroyo
1,
Damián Pereira-Payo
2,
Jorge Rojo-Ramos
3,
Miguel A. Hernández-Mocholí
4,
Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
5,
Jorge Pérez-Gómez
2,
Ángel Denche-Zamorano
2,* and
Jose Carmelo Adsuar
1
1
Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
2
Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
3
Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
4
Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
5
Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2829; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052829
Submission received: 11 December 2021 / Revised: 15 February 2022 / Accepted: 25 February 2022 / Published: 28 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper: Advance in Global Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Introduction: Depression is a disabling mental illness and therefore also a serious public health problem. It affects 5% of the adult population in the world and is the leading cause of disability, with an annual cost of USD one trillion. In Spain, its prevalence is 13.4%, costing EUR 6000 million a year. Physical inactivity has been linked to an increase in depressive symptoms, with physical activity associated with an improvement in health-related quality of life. Objective: To calculate the odds ratio (OR) and relative risk (RR) of suffering from depression and taking antidepressants in the inactive Spanish population compared to groups with a higher level of physical activity. Method: 17,141 individuals aged 18–69 years residing in Spain and interviewed in the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey were included in this cross-sectional investigation. Results: Dependence relationships were found between the level of physical activity and the prevalence of depression and taking antidepressants (p < 0.001). We found elevated ORs and RRs for depression and antidepressant use in inactive people compared to those with a high/very high level of physical activity (Depression: OR: 4.32. CI95%: 3.35–5.57. RR: 1.59. 95% CI: 1.51–1.68; Antidepressants: OR: 4.95. CI95%: 3.59–6.82. RR: 1.61. CI95%: 1.52–1.71). Conclusions: Belonging to an inactive population group increases the risk of suffering from depression and of taking antidepressants.
Keywords: health; depression; physical activity; antidepressants; sedentary lifestyle; active population; inactive population health; depression; physical activity; antidepressants; sedentary lifestyle; active population; inactive population

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MDPI and ACS Style

Galán-Arroyo, C.; Pereira-Payo, D.; Rojo-Ramos, J.; Hernández-Mocholí, M.A.; Merellano-Navarro, E.; Pérez-Gómez, J.; Denche-Zamorano, Á.; Adsuar, J.C. Increased Odds for Depression and Antidepressant Use in the Inactive Spanish Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052829

AMA Style

Galán-Arroyo C, Pereira-Payo D, Rojo-Ramos J, Hernández-Mocholí MA, Merellano-Navarro E, Pérez-Gómez J, Denche-Zamorano Á, Adsuar JC. Increased Odds for Depression and Antidepressant Use in the Inactive Spanish Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):2829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052829

Chicago/Turabian Style

Galán-Arroyo, Carmen, Damián Pereira-Payo, Jorge Rojo-Ramos, Miguel A. Hernández-Mocholí, Eugenio Merellano-Navarro, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Ángel Denche-Zamorano, and Jose Carmelo Adsuar. 2022. "Increased Odds for Depression and Antidepressant Use in the Inactive Spanish Population" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5: 2829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052829

APA Style

Galán-Arroyo, C., Pereira-Payo, D., Rojo-Ramos, J., Hernández-Mocholí, M. A., Merellano-Navarro, E., Pérez-Gómez, J., Denche-Zamorano, Á., & Adsuar, J. C. (2022). Increased Odds for Depression and Antidepressant Use in the Inactive Spanish Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2829. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052829

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