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Article

COVID-19 Post-Exposure Evaluation (COPE) Study: Assessing the Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Household SARS-CoV-2 Transmission within Campania Region (Southern Italy)

by
Ivan Gentile
1,
Martina Iorio
2,
Emanuela Zappulo
1,
Riccardo Scotto
1,
Alberto Enrico Maraolo
3,
Antonio Riccardo Buonomo
1,
Biagio Pinchera
1,
Giuseppina Muto
1,
Carmela Iervolino
1,
Riccardo Villari
1,
Nicola Schiano Moriello
4,
Maria Michela Scirocco
1,
Maria Triassi
5,
Mariano Paternoster
6,
Vincenzo Russo
7,
Giulio Viceconte
1,* and
Federico II COVID-Team
†
1
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
2
Department of Economist, Roma Tre University, 00154 Rome, Italy
3
First Division of Infectious Diseases, Cotugno Hospital, AORN dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy
4
Ninth Division of Infectious Diseases, Cotugno Hospital, AORN dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy
5
Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
6
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
7
Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Federico II COVID team is listed in the Acknowledgements.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10262; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610262
Submission received: 3 August 2022 / Revised: 15 August 2022 / Accepted: 15 August 2022 / Published: 18 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive and Social Medicine in Outbreak Era)
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Abstract

Campania is the sixth poorest region of Italy, and it is the region with the highest income inequality. The secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 among households are found to be substantially heterogeneous among published studies and are influenced by socio-economic factors. We conducted a retrospective study to describe the role of socio-economic factors in the household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among patients living in Campania Region and referring to “Federico II” Hospital. We interviewed 413 subjects followed-up for COVID-19 between the 8 March 2020 and the 24 May 2021 with the aim to collect demographic, clinical, economic, and social data regarding their household and the index cases. The variables associated with SARS-CoV-2 attack rate higher than 50% among households were higher age (p = 0.023) and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index of the index case (p = 0.023) and, for household characteristics, higher number of families per house (p = 0.02), location of the houses in Naples’ suburbs (Chi2 = 5.3, p = 0.02) and in Caserta City area (Chi2 = 4, p = 0.04), and renting the house compared to owning it (Chi2 = 5.83, p = 0.01). This study confirms the finding described by other authors that household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is correlated with the income inequality of the analyzed geographical area as well as with the indicators of health and economic wealth of the families, and this correlation also applies to the Campania Region.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; household; poverty; regional studies; Campania (Italy) COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; household; poverty; regional studies; Campania (Italy)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gentile, I.; Iorio, M.; Zappulo, E.; Scotto, R.; Maraolo, A.E.; Buonomo, A.R.; Pinchera, B.; Muto, G.; Iervolino, C.; Villari, R.; et al. COVID-19 Post-Exposure Evaluation (COPE) Study: Assessing the Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Household SARS-CoV-2 Transmission within Campania Region (Southern Italy). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 10262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610262

AMA Style

Gentile I, Iorio M, Zappulo E, Scotto R, Maraolo AE, Buonomo AR, Pinchera B, Muto G, Iervolino C, Villari R, et al. COVID-19 Post-Exposure Evaluation (COPE) Study: Assessing the Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Household SARS-CoV-2 Transmission within Campania Region (Southern Italy). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(16):10262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610262

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gentile, Ivan, Martina Iorio, Emanuela Zappulo, Riccardo Scotto, Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Biagio Pinchera, Giuseppina Muto, Carmela Iervolino, Riccardo Villari, and et al. 2022. "COVID-19 Post-Exposure Evaluation (COPE) Study: Assessing the Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Household SARS-CoV-2 Transmission within Campania Region (Southern Italy)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16: 10262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610262

APA Style

Gentile, I., Iorio, M., Zappulo, E., Scotto, R., Maraolo, A. E., Buonomo, A. R., Pinchera, B., Muto, G., Iervolino, C., Villari, R., Schiano Moriello, N., Scirocco, M. M., Triassi, M., Paternoster, M., Russo, V., Viceconte, G., & Federico II COVID-Team. (2022). COVID-19 Post-Exposure Evaluation (COPE) Study: Assessing the Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Household SARS-CoV-2 Transmission within Campania Region (Southern Italy). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610262

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