Physical Activity and Screen Time among Hungarian High School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic Caused Distance Education Period
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Survey
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Sample
3.2. Physical Activity before and during Distance Education
3.2.1. Aerobic Exercise (AE)
3.2.2. Muscle Strengthening (MS)
3.3. Screen Time (ST) before and during Distance Education
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Sample (N = 2508) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Adolescents (n = 1413) | Young Adults (n = 1095) | p | Males (n = 1072) | Females (n = 1436) | p |
gender, Male n (%) | 621 (43.9) | 451 (41.2) | 0.167 a | N/A | N/A | N/A |
age (M ± SD) | 16.3 ± 0.7 | 18.6 ± 0.6 | N/A | 17.3 ± 1.3 | 17.3 ± 1.3 | 0.167 b |
Weight (kg) | 63.3 ± 13.6 | 66.6 ± 14.5 | N/A | 71.4 ± 14.7 | 59.8 ± 11.3 | N/A |
Height (cm) | 171.2 ± 9.3 | 171.9 ± 9.5 | N/A | 178.6 ± 7.7 | 166.2 ± 6.5 | N/A |
BMI categories 1, n (%) | ||||||
underweight | 89 (6.3) | 40 (3.7) | <0.001 c | 55 (5.1) | 74 (5.2) | <0.001 c |
normal weight | 1146 (81.1) | 856 (78.2) | 817 (76.2) | 1185 (82.5) | ||
overweigth/obese ** | 123 (8.7) | 131 (11.9) | 142 (13.3) | 112 (7.8) | ||
obese | 55 (3.9) | 68 (6.2) | 58 (5.4) | 65 (4.5) |
AE Days/Week during Distance Education | Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||
AE days/week before distance education | 0 | 31 * | 6 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 65 |
1 | 34 | 39 | 18 | 22 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 125 | |
2 | 59 | 121 | 81 | 33 | 18 | 12 | 1 | 6 | 331 | |
3 | 69 | 133 | 157 | 143 | 38 | 38 | 10 | 8 | 596 | |
4 | 31 | 85 | 173 | 103 | 112 | 34 | 24 | 8 | 570 | |
5 | 31 | 30 | 71 | 146 | 60 | 122 | 17 | 11 | 488 | |
6 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 22 | 27 | 38 | 50 | 6 | 160 | |
7 | 6 | 3 | 10 | 16 | 12 | 21 | 10 | 54 | 132 | |
Total | 264 | 418 | 531 | 491 | 278 | 268 | 114 | 103 | 2467 |
MS Days/Week during Distance Education | Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||
MS days/week before distance education | 0 | 127 * | 33 | 24 | 16 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 234 |
1 | 112 | 150 | 48 | 31 | 13 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 376 | |
2 | 96 | 175 | 209 | 64 | 43 | 21 | 9 | 6 | 623 | |
3 | 64 | 108 | 119 | 186 | 40 | 33 | 11 | 7 | 568 | |
4 | 16 | 26 | 59 | 47 | 78 | 29 | 14 | 10 | 279 | |
5 | 22 | 14 | 38 | 40 | 27 | 84 | 7 | 14 | 246 | |
6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 27 | 1 | 74 | |
7 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 35 | 67 | |
Total | 443 | 509 | 504 | 406 | 230 | 203 | 86 | 86 | 2467 |
ST Days/Week during Distance Education | Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |||
ST days/week before distance education | 0 | 0 * | 8 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 4 | 25 | 86 |
1 | 0 | 19 | 8 | 25 | 19 | 16 | 9 | 19 | 115 | |
2 | 0 | 10 | 41 | 48 | 49 | 58 | 40 | 64 | 310 | |
3 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 64 | 71 | 127 | 57 | 85 | 415 | |
4 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 63 | 62 | 72 | 98 | 306 | |
5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 87 | 76 | 160 | 337 | |
6 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 56 | 91 | 162 | |
7 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 722 | 751 | |
Total | 3 | 40 | 85 | 160 | 233 | 376 | 321 | 1264 | 2482 |
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Katona, Z.B.; Takács, J.; Kerner, L.; Alföldi, Z.; Soós, I.; Gyömörei, T.; Podstawski, R.; Ihász, F. Physical Activity and Screen Time among Hungarian High School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic Caused Distance Education Period. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413024
Katona ZB, Takács J, Kerner L, Alföldi Z, Soós I, Gyömörei T, Podstawski R, Ihász F. Physical Activity and Screen Time among Hungarian High School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic Caused Distance Education Period. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413024
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatona, Zsolt Bálint, Johanna Takács, László Kerner, Zoltán Alföldi, Imre Soós, Tamás Gyömörei, Robert Podstawski, and Ferenc Ihász. 2021. "Physical Activity and Screen Time among Hungarian High School Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic Caused Distance Education Period" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413024