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Volume 18
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10.3390/ijerph18116157
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Article

UNRAQ—A Questionnaire for the Use of a Social Robot in Care for Older Persons. A Multi-Stakeholder Study and Psychometric Properties

by
Slawomir Tobis
1,*,
Agnieszka Neumann-Podczaska
2,
Sylwia Kropinska
2 and
Aleksandra Suwalska
3
1
Department of Occupational Therapy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
2
Chair and Department of Palliative Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-245 Poznan, Poland
3
Department of Mental Health, Chair of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 6157; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116157
Submission received: 18 March 2021 / Revised: 25 May 2021 / Accepted: 1 June 2021 / Published: 7 June 2021
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Abstract

(1) Background: while there exist validated measures to assess the needs of older people, there are comparatively few validated tools to assess needs and requirements for the use of robots. Henceforth, the aim of the study is to present and validate such a tool. (2) Methods: The study group included 720 subjects (mean age 52.0 ± 37.0, 541 females) who agreed to fill the Users’ Needs, Requirements, and Abilities Questionnaire (UNRAQ). The validation part of the study included 125 persons. (3) Results: the acceptance of the robot was good in the whole group. The social functions were rated worse than assistive ones. A correlation was found between the scores of social and assistive functions. The respondents claimed that older adults were not prepared to interact with the robot and not very good at handling it, and were sceptical about their willingness to learn to operate the robot. The Cronbach alpha value for the whole questionnaire was 0.95 suggesting excellent internal consistency, and the ICC value of 0.88 represents excellent agreement; (4) Conclusions: We observed a good overall acceptance of the robot across the studied group. There is considerable demand for the use of a social robot in care for older people.
Keywords: social robot; assessment tool; older adults; stakeholders; care social robot; assessment tool; older adults; stakeholders; care

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tobis, S.; Neumann-Podczaska, A.; Kropinska, S.; Suwalska, A. UNRAQ—A Questionnaire for the Use of a Social Robot in Care for Older Persons. A Multi-Stakeholder Study and Psychometric Properties. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116157

AMA Style

Tobis S, Neumann-Podczaska A, Kropinska S, Suwalska A. UNRAQ—A Questionnaire for the Use of a Social Robot in Care for Older Persons. A Multi-Stakeholder Study and Psychometric Properties. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(11):6157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116157

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tobis, Slawomir, Agnieszka Neumann-Podczaska, Sylwia Kropinska, and Aleksandra Suwalska. 2021. "UNRAQ—A Questionnaire for the Use of a Social Robot in Care for Older Persons. A Multi-Stakeholder Study and Psychometric Properties" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 6157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116157

APA Style

Tobis, S., Neumann-Podczaska, A., Kropinska, S., & Suwalska, A. (2021). UNRAQ—A Questionnaire for the Use of a Social Robot in Care for Older Persons. A Multi-Stakeholder Study and Psychometric Properties. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 6157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116157

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