Marine Drugs

10 pages, 1277 KB

Open AccessArticle

Expression, Purification and Bioactivities Analysis of Recombinant Active Peptide from Shark Liver

by Zhengbing Lv^1,2, Yu Ou¹, Qian Li¹, Wenping Zhang², Boping Ye¹ and Wutong Wu^1,*

¹ School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China

² College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 258-267; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020258 - 22 Jun 2009

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 11063

Abstract

The Active Peptide from Shark Liver (APSL) was expressed in E. coli BL21 cells. The cDNA encoding APSL protein was obtained from shark regenerated hepatic tissue by RT-PCR, then it was cloned in the pET-28a expression vector. The expressed fusion protein was purified [...] Read more.

The Active Peptide from Shark Liver (APSL) was expressed in E. coli BL21 cells. The cDNA encoding APSL protein was obtained from shark regenerated hepatic tissue by RT-PCR, then it was cloned in the pET-28a expression vector. The expressed fusion protein was purified by Ni-IDA affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE and HPLC analysis showed the purity of the purified fusion protein was more than 98%. The recombinant APSL (rAPSL) was tested for its biological activity both in vitro, by its ability to improve the proliferation of SMMC7721 cells, and in vivo, by its significant protective effects against acute hepatic injury induced by CCl₄ and AAP (acetaminophen) in mice. In addition, the rAPSL could decrease the blood glucose concentration of mice with diabetes mellitus induced by alloxan. Paraffin sections of mouse pancreas tissues showed that rAPSL (3 mg/kg) could effectively protect mouse islets from lesions induced by alloxan, which indicated its potential application in theoretical research and industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alkaloid Analogs)

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9 pages, 380 KB

Open AccessArticle

New Azaphilones, Seco-Chaetomugilins A and D, Produced by a Marine-Fish-Derived Chaetomium globosum

by Takeshi Yamada^*, Yasuhide Muroga and Reiko Tanaka

Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 249-257; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020249 - 16 Jun 2009

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 10192

Abstract

Seco-chaetomugilins A and D were isolated from a strain of Chaetomium globosum that was originally isolated from the marine fish Mugil cephalus, and their absolute stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, along [...] Read more.

Seco-chaetomugilins A and D were isolated from a strain of Chaetomium globosum that was originally isolated from the marine fish Mugil cephalus, and their absolute stereostructures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, along with the chemical transformation from known chaetomugilins A and D. Seco-chaetomugilin D exhibited growth inhibitory activity against cultured P388, HL-60, L1210, and KB cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis around Marine Natural Products)

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39 pages, 346 KB

Open AccessReview

Antitumor Compounds from Marine Actinomycetes

by Carlos Olano

, Carmen Méndez and José A. Salas^*

Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 210-248; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020210 - 11 Jun 2009

Cited by 293 | Viewed by 26145

Abstract

Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments used to combat cancer. A great number of antitumor compounds are natural products or their derivatives, mainly produced by microorganisms. In particular, actinomycetes are the producers of a large number of natural products with different biological [...] Read more.

Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments used to combat cancer. A great number of antitumor compounds are natural products or their derivatives, mainly produced by microorganisms. In particular, actinomycetes are the producers of a large number of natural products with different biological activities, including antitumor properties. These antitumor compounds belong to several structural classes such as anthracyclines, enediynes, indolocarbazoles, isoprenoides, macrolides, non-ribosomal peptides and others, and they exert antitumor activity by inducing apoptosis through DNA cleavage mediated by topoisomerase I or II inhibition, mitochondria permeabilization, inhibition of key enzymes involved in signal transduction like proteases, or cellular metabolism and in some cases by inhibiting tumor-induced angiogenesis. Marine organisms have attracted special attention in the last years for their ability to produce interesting pharmacological lead compounds. Full article

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14 pages, 515 KB

Open AccessArticle

Deoxyamphimedine, a Pyridoacridine Alkaloid, Damages DNA via the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species

by Kathryn M. Marshall^{1, 2}, Cynthia D. Andjelic¹, Deniz Tasdemir^{3, 4}, Gisela P. Concepción⁵, Chris M. Ireland³ and Louis R. Barrows^1,*

¹ Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East Rm. 201, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA

² Current address: Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia

³ Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East Rm. 301, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA

⁴ Current address, Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK

⁵ The Marine Science Institute, University of Philippines, Velasquez Street, Dilman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 196-209; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020196 - 25 May 2009

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 12142

Abstract

Marine pyridoacridines are a class of aromatic chemicals that share an 11H-pyrido[4,3,2-mn]acridine skeleton. Pyridoacridine alkaloids display diverse biological activities including cytotoxicity, fungicidal and bactericidal properties, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and topoisomerase inhibition. These activities are often dependent [...] Read more.

Marine pyridoacridines are a class of aromatic chemicals that share an 11H-pyrido[4,3,2-mn]acridine skeleton. Pyridoacridine alkaloids display diverse biological activities including cytotoxicity, fungicidal and bactericidal properties, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and topoisomerase inhibition. These activities are often dependent on slight modifications to the pyridoacridine skeleton. Here we demonstrate that while structurally similar to neoamphimedine and amphimedine, the biological activity of deoxyamphimedine differs greatly. Deoxyamphimedine damages DNA in vitro independent of topoisomerase enzymes through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Its activity was decreased in low oxygen, with the removal of a reducing agent and in the presence of anti-oxidants. Deoxyamphimedine also showed enhanced toxicity in cells sensitive to single or double strand DNA breaks, consistent with the in vitro activity. Full article

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12 pages, 318 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sphaeroane and Neodolabellane Diterpenes from the Red Alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

by Vangelis Smyrniotopoulos, Constantinos Vagias and Vassilios Roussis^*

Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 184-195; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020184 - 19 May 2009

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 9378

Abstract

Investigation of minor metabolites in the extracts of the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius collected from the rocky coasts of Corfu Island in the Ionian Sea yielded two new diterpene alcohols, sphaerollanes I,and II (1, 2) featuring neodolabellane skeletons, and the new sphaeroane diterpene [...] Read more.

Investigation of minor metabolites in the extracts of the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius collected from the rocky coasts of Corfu Island in the Ionian Sea yielded two new diterpene alcohols, sphaerollanes I,and II (1, 2) featuring neodolabellane skeletons, and the new sphaeroane diterpene alcohol 16-hydroxy-9S*-acetoxy-8-epi-isosphaerodiene-2 (3), along with two previously reported metabolites 4, 5. The structures of the new natural products, as well as their relative stereochemistry, were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis, including 2D-NMR experiments. Full article

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18 pages, 202 KB

Open AccessReview

Aplysinopsins - Marine Indole Alkaloids: Chemistry, Bioactivity and Ecological Significance

by Dobroslawa Bialonska^{1, 3} and Jordan K. Zjawiony^{1, 2,*}

¹ Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA

² Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA

³ Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 166-183; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020166 - 19 May 2009

Cited by 93 | Viewed by 15102

Abstract

Aplysinopsins are tryptophan-derived marine natural products isolated from numerous genera of sponges and scleractinian corals, as well as from one sea anemone and one nudibranch. Aplysinopsins are widely distributed in the Pacific, Indonesia, Caribbean, and Mediterranean regions. Up to date, around 30 analogues [...] Read more.

Aplysinopsins are tryptophan-derived marine natural products isolated from numerous genera of sponges and scleractinian corals, as well as from one sea anemone and one nudibranch. Aplysinopsins are widely distributed in the Pacific, Indonesia, Caribbean, and Mediterranean regions. Up to date, around 30 analogues occurring in Nature have been reported. Natural aplysinopsins differ in the bromination pattern of the indole ring, variation in the structure of the C ring, including the number and position of N-methylation, the presence and configuration of the C-8-C-1’ double bond, and the oxidation state of the 2-aminoimidazoline fragment. Aplysinopsins can also occur in the form of dimers. This review summarizes 30 years’ research on aplysinopsins. The origin, isolation sources, chemistry, bioactivity, and ecological functions of aplysinopsins are comprehensively reviewed. Full article

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13 pages, 318 KB

Open AccessArticle

Chemopreventive Effects of Sarcophine-diol on Ultraviolet B-induced Skin Tumor Development in SKH-1 Hairless Mice

by Xiaoying Zhang¹, Ajay Bommareddy², Wei Chen¹, Michael B. Hildreth⁴, Radhey S. Kaushik^{3, 4}, David Zeman³, Sherief Khalifa⁵, Hesham Fahmy¹ and Chandradhar Dwivedi^1,*

¹ Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA

² Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA

³ Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA

⁴ Department of Biology/Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA

⁵ Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 153-165; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020153 - 30 Apr 2009

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 13093

Abstract

Sarcophine-diol (SD), one of the structural modifications of sarcophine, has shown chemopreventive effects on 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-initiated and 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-promoted skin tumor development in female CD-1 mice. The objective of this study was to determine the chemopreventive effects of SD on UVB-induced skin [...] Read more.

Sarcophine-diol (SD), one of the structural modifications of sarcophine, has shown chemopreventive effects on 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-initiated and 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-promoted skin tumor development in female CD-1 mice. The objective of this study was to determine the chemopreventive effects of SD on UVB-induced skin tumor development in hairless SKH-1 mice, a model more relevant to human skin cancer, and to determine the possible mechanisms of action. Carcinogenesis was initiated and promoted by UVB radiation. Female hairless SKH-1 mice were divided into two groups having 27 mice in each group: control and SD treatment. The control group was topically treated with 100 μL acetone and SD treatment group was topically treated with SD (30 μg/100 μL in acetone) 1 hour before each UVB radiation for 32 weeks. Tumor counts were recorded on a weekly basis for 30 weeks. Effects of SD on the expression of caspases were investigated to elucidate the possible mechanism of action. The proteins from epidermal homogenates of experimental mice were used for SDS-PAGE and Western blotting using specific antibodies against caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 respectively. TUNEL assay was used for determining DNA fragmented apoptotic cells in situ. Results showed that at the end of experiment, tumor multiplicity in control and SD treatment groups was 25.8 and 16.5 tumors per mouse respectively. Furthermore, Topical treatment of SD induced DNA fragmented apoptotic cells by upgrading the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8. This study clearly suggested that SD could be an effective chemopreventive agent for UVB-induced skin cancer by inducing caspase dependent apoptosis. Full article

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23 pages, 328 KB

Open AccessReview

Marine Antimalarials

by Ernesto Fattorusso and Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati^*

Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131, Napoli, Italy

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 130-152; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020130 - 23 Apr 2009

Cited by 102 | Viewed by 16805

Abstract

Malaria is an infectious disease causing at least 1 million deaths per year, and, unfortunately, the chemical entities available to treat malaria are still too limited. In this review we highlight the contribution of marine chemistry in the field of antimalarial research by [...] Read more.

Malaria is an infectious disease causing at least 1 million deaths per year, and, unfortunately, the chemical entities available to treat malaria are still too limited. In this review we highlight the contribution of marine chemistry in the field of antimalarial research by reporting the most important results obtained until the beginning of 2009, with particular emphasis on recent discoveries. About 60 secondary metabolites produced by marine organisms have been grouped into three structural types and discussed in terms of their reported antimalarial activities. The major groups of metabolites include isonitrile derivatives, alkaloids and endoperoxide derivatives. The following discussion evidences that antimalarial marine molecules can efficiently integrate the panel of lead compounds isolated from terrestrial sources with new chemical backbones and, sometimes, with unique functional groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Anti-infective Agents)

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17 pages, 317 KB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Marine Microbial Symbionts in the China Sea and Related Pharmaceutical Metabolites

by Zhiyong Li

Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 113-129; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020113 - 20 Apr 2009

Cited by 67 | Viewed by 16115

Abstract

Marine animals and plants such as sponges, sea squirts, corals, worms and algae host diverse and abundant symbiotic microorganisms. Marine microbial symbionts are possible the true producers or take part in the biosynthesis of some bioactive marine natural products isolated from the marine [...] Read more.

Marine animals and plants such as sponges, sea squirts, corals, worms and algae host diverse and abundant symbiotic microorganisms. Marine microbial symbionts are possible the true producers or take part in the biosynthesis of some bioactive marine natural products isolated from the marine organism hosts. Investigation of the pharmaceutical metabolites may reveal the biosynthesis mechanisms of related natural products and solve the current problem of supply limitation in marine drug development. This paper reviews the advances in diversity revelation, biological activity and related pharmaceutical metabolites, and functional genes of marine microbial symbionts from the China Sea. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Drugs Studies in China)

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16 pages, 566 KB

Open AccessArticle

Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Epiphytic and Endophytic Fungi from Marine Organisms: Isolation, Bioassay and Taxonomy

by Yi Zhang^*, Jun Mu, Yan Feng, Yue Kang, Jia Zhang, Peng-Juan Gu, Yu Wang, Li-Fang Ma and Yan-Hua Zhu

Department of Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, P.R. China

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 97-112; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020097 - 17 Apr 2009

Cited by 120 | Viewed by 20073

Abstract

In the search for new marine derived antibiotics, 43 epi- and endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the surface or the inner tissue of different marine plants and invertebrates. Through preliminary and secondary screening, 10 of them were found to be able to [...] Read more.

In the search for new marine derived antibiotics, 43 epi- and endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the surface or the inner tissue of different marine plants and invertebrates. Through preliminary and secondary screening, 10 of them were found to be able to produce broad-spectrum antimicrobial metabolites. By morphological and molecular biological methods, three active strains were characterized to be Penicillium glabrum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria alternata. Full article

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2 pages, 73 KB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Singh, M.P., et al. Cytoskyrins and Cytosporones Produced by Cytospora sp. CR200: Taxonomy, Fermentation and Biological Activities. Mar. Drugs 2007, 5, 71-84.

by Maya P. Singh^1,*, Jeffrey E. Janso¹ and Sean F. Brady^{2, †}

¹ Natural Products Research, Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA

² Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA

^† Current Address: Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 95-96; https://doi.org/10.3390/md70200095 - 14 Apr 2009

Viewed by 10990

Abstract

We found an error in Figure 1 in our paper published in the Marine Drugs [1]. The structure of Cytosporones A and B are corrected as follows: [..] Full article

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Figure 1

10 pages, 296 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fibrinolytic Compounds Isolated from a Brown Alga, Sargassum fulvellum

by Wenhui Wu¹, Keiji Hasumi², Hui Peng³, Xianwen Hu⁴, Xichang Wang¹ and Bin Bao^1,*

¹ Department of Marine Biopharmacology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China

² Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 1838509, Japan

³ Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland，Auckland 1142, New Zealand

⁴ Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, P. R. China

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 85-94; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020085 - 7 Apr 2009

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 12761

Abstract

Two of bioactive natural products were founded in a brown alga, Sargassum fulvellum. After isolation and purification, the molecular structures of these two products were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and GC-mass spectroscopy. The two compounds were identified to be 1-O [...] Read more.

Two of bioactive natural products were founded in a brown alga, Sargassum fulvellum. After isolation and purification, the molecular structures of these two products were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and GC-mass spectroscopy. The two compounds were identified to be 1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-oleoyl-3-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl) –glycerol (POGG) and 1-O-myristoyl-2-O-oleoyl-3-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl) – glycerol (MOGG) which were obtained from Sargassum fulvellum for the first time. POGG and MOGG showed fibrinolytic activity in the reaction system of pro-u-PA and plasminogen. Full article

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14 pages, 141 KB

Open AccessArticle

Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors (MMPIs) from Marine Natural Products: the Current Situation and Future Prospects

by Chen Zhang¹ and Se-Kwon Kim^{1, 2,*}

¹ Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea

² Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea

Mar. Drugs 2009, 7(2), 71-84; https://doi.org/10.3390/md7020071 - 31 Mar 2009

Cited by 61 | Viewed by 15465

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of more than twenty five secreted and membrane-bound zinc-endopeptidases which can degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) components. They also play important roles in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) have been identified as [...] Read more.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of more than twenty five secreted and membrane-bound zinc-endopeptidases which can degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) components. They also play important roles in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates for metastasis, arthritis, chronic inflammation and wrinkle formation. Up to present, more than 20,000 new compounds have been isolated from marine organisms, where considerable numbers of these naturally occurring derivatives are developed as potential candidates for pharmaceutical application. Eventhough the quantity of marine derived MMPIs is less when compare with the MMPIs derived from terrestrial materials, huge potential for bioactivity of these marine derived MMPIs has lead to large number of researches. Saccharoids, flavonoids and polyphones, fatty acids are the most important groups of MMPIs derived from marine natural products. In this review we focus on the progress of MMPIs from marine natural products. Full article

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Mar. Drugs, Volume 7, Issue 2 (June 2009) – 13 articles , Pages 71-267

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