1. Figure Legend
In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in the legend for Figures 1–3. The BioRender has not been properly cited for the figures created using BioRender. The correct legend appears below.
Figure 1. Mechanisms of EV–cell interaction. Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle (EV)–cell interaction. EVs interact with target cells via Receptor-Mediated Interactions, involving ligand binding and Membrane Fusion Pathway. EVs: extracellular vesicles; HSP70: heat shock protein 70; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; p38: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FAK: focal adhesion kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; DKK1: Dickkopf-related protein 1; SNAREs: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors; R18: octadecyl rhodamine B chloride (fluorescent probe); miRNA: microRNA. Created in BioRender. Gangadaran, P. (2025) BioRender.com/9uyghiq.
Figure 2. Illustrations of different types of extracellular vesicles in the bone microenvironment. EVs: extracellular vesicles; MSC-EVs: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; OB-EVs: osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles; EC-EVs: endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles; M2 Macrophage-EVs: type 2 macrophage extracellular vesicles; Platelet-EVs: platelet-derived extracellular vesicles; miRNAs: microRNAs; mRNAs: messenger RNAs. Created in BioRender. Gangadaran, P. (2025) BioRender.com/g8k2s3b.
Figure 3. Schematic representation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteogenesis. The binding of Wnt ligands to their receptors inhibits β-catenin degradation, allowing its accumulation and translocation into the nucleus. Nuclear β-catenin activates target gene transcription, which promotes osteoblast differentiation and subsequent bone matrix production. Created in BioRender. Gangadaran, P. (2025) BioRender.com/y5madsl.
2. Error in Figure
In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Figure 2 as published. A draft version of Figure 2 (AI-generated) was submitted in error. The corrected Figure 2 appears below.
Figure 2.
Illustrations of different types of extracellular vesicles in the bone microenvironment. EVs: extracellular vesicles; MSC-EVs: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; OB-EVs: osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles; EC-EVs: endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles; M2 Macrophage-EVs: type 2 macrophage extracellular vesicles; Platelet-EVs: platelet-derived extracellular vesicles; miRNAs: microRNAs; mRNAs: messenger RNAs. Created in BioRender. Gangadaran, P. (2025) BioRender.com/g8k2s3b.
The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Reference
- Biswas, S.; Gangadaran, P.; Dhara, C.; Ghosh, S.; Phadikar, S.D.; Chakraborty, A.; Mahajan, A.A.; Mondal, R.; Chattopadhyay, D.; Banerjee, T.; et al. Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenesis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Regeneration. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47, 675. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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