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Correction to Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(8), 675.
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Correction

Correction: Biswas et al. Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenesis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Regeneration. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47, 675

by
Sreyee Biswas
1,†,
Prakash Gangadaran
2,3,†,
Chandrajeet Dhara
4,
Shreya Ghosh
5,
Soumya Deep Phadikar
6,
Akash Chakraborty
7,
Atharva Anand Mahajan
8,
Ranit Mondal
9,
Debdeep Chattopadhyay
10,
Trisha Banerjee
5,
Anuvab Dey
11,
Subhrojyoti Ghosh
7,
Anand Krishnan
12,
Byeong-Cheol Ahn
2,3,13,14,* and
Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
2,3,13,*
1
Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata 700107, West Bengal, India
2
Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
3
Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
4
School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Sohna, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
5
Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India
6
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
7
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
8
Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India
9
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
10
Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India
11
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
12
Precision Medicine and Integrated Nano-Diagnostics (P-MIND) Research Group, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
13
BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
14
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
 
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*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48(2), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48020154
Submission received: 7 January 2026 / Accepted: 26 January 2026 / Published: 30 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Medicine)
Browse Figure
Versions Notes

1. Figure Legend

In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in the legend for Figures 1–3. The BioRender has not been properly cited for the figures created using BioRender. The correct legend appears below.
Figure 1. Mechanisms of EV–cell interaction. Mechanisms of extracellular vesicle (EV)–cell interaction. EVs interact with target cells via Receptor-Mediated Interactions, involving ligand binding and Membrane Fusion Pathway. EVs: extracellular vesicles; HSP70: heat shock protein 70; TLR4: toll-like receptor 4; p38: p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FAK: focal adhesion kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; DKK1: Dickkopf-related protein 1; SNAREs: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors; R18: octadecyl rhodamine B chloride (fluorescent probe); miRNA: microRNA. Created in BioRender. Gangadaran, P. (2025) BioRender.com/9uyghiq.
Figure 2. Illustrations of different types of extracellular vesicles in the bone microenvironment. EVs: extracellular vesicles; MSC-EVs: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; OB-EVs: osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles; EC-EVs: endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles; M2 Macrophage-EVs: type 2 macrophage extracellular vesicles; Platelet-EVs: platelet-derived extracellular vesicles; miRNAs: microRNAs; mRNAs: messenger RNAs. Created in BioRender. Gangadaran, P. (2025) BioRender.com/g8k2s3b.
Figure 3. Schematic representation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in osteogenesis. The binding of Wnt ligands to their receptors inhibits β-catenin degradation, allowing its accumulation and translocation into the nucleus. Nuclear β-catenin activates target gene transcription, which promotes osteoblast differentiation and subsequent bone matrix production. Created in BioRender. Gangadaran, P. (2025) BioRender.com/y5madsl.

2. Error in Figure

In the original publication [1], there was a mistake in Figure 2 as published. A draft version of Figure 2 (AI-generated) was submitted in error. The corrected Figure 2 appears below.
The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Reference

  1. Biswas, S.; Gangadaran, P.; Dhara, C.; Ghosh, S.; Phadikar, S.D.; Chakraborty, A.; Mahajan, A.A.; Mondal, R.; Chattopadhyay, D.; Banerjee, T.; et al. Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenesis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Regeneration. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47, 675. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Cimb 48 00154 g002
Figure 2. Illustrations of different types of extracellular vesicles in the bone microenvironment. EVs: extracellular vesicles; MSC-EVs: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; OB-EVs: osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles; EC-EVs: endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles; M2 Macrophage-EVs: type 2 macrophage extracellular vesicles; Platelet-EVs: platelet-derived extracellular vesicles; miRNAs: microRNAs; mRNAs: messenger RNAs. Created in BioRender. Gangadaran, P. (2025) BioRender.com/g8k2s3b.
Figure 2. Illustrations of different types of extracellular vesicles in the bone microenvironment. EVs: extracellular vesicles; MSC-EVs: mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; OB-EVs: osteoblast-derived extracellular vesicles; EC-EVs: endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles; M2 Macrophage-EVs: type 2 macrophage extracellular vesicles; Platelet-EVs: platelet-derived extracellular vesicles; miRNAs: microRNAs; mRNAs: messenger RNAs. Created in BioRender. Gangadaran, P. (2025) BioRender.com/g8k2s3b.
Cimb 48 00154 g002
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MDPI and ACS Style

Biswas, S.; Gangadaran, P.; Dhara, C.; Ghosh, S.; Phadikar, S.D.; Chakraborty, A.; Mahajan, A.A.; Mondal, R.; Chattopadhyay, D.; Banerjee, T.; et al. Correction: Biswas et al. Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenesis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Regeneration. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47, 675. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2026, 48, 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48020154

AMA Style

Biswas S, Gangadaran P, Dhara C, Ghosh S, Phadikar SD, Chakraborty A, Mahajan AA, Mondal R, Chattopadhyay D, Banerjee T, et al. Correction: Biswas et al. Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenesis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Regeneration. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47, 675. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2026; 48(2):154. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48020154

Chicago/Turabian Style

Biswas, Sreyee, Prakash Gangadaran, Chandrajeet Dhara, Shreya Ghosh, Soumya Deep Phadikar, Akash Chakraborty, Atharva Anand Mahajan, Ranit Mondal, Debdeep Chattopadhyay, Trisha Banerjee, and et al. 2026. "Correction: Biswas et al. Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenesis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Regeneration. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47, 675" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 48, no. 2: 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48020154

APA Style

Biswas, S., Gangadaran, P., Dhara, C., Ghosh, S., Phadikar, S. D., Chakraborty, A., Mahajan, A. A., Mondal, R., Chattopadhyay, D., Banerjee, T., Dey, A., Ghosh, S., Krishnan, A., Ahn, B.-C., & Rajendran, R. L. (2026). Correction: Biswas et al. Extracellular Vesicles in Osteogenesis: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Bone Regeneration. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47, 675. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 48(2), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb48020154

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