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Article

Novel CF₃-Substituted Pyridine- and Pyrimidine-Based Fluorescent Probes for Lipid Droplet Bioimaging

by
Dmitrii L. Chizhov
1,
Yuriy A. Kvashnin
1,
Nadezhda S. Demina
1,
Ekaterina F. Zhilina
1,
Artem S. Minin
2,
Natalia A. Verbitskaia
2,
Ekaterina M. Dinastiia
1,
Gennady L. Rusinov
1,
Egor V. Verbitskiy
1,3,* and
Valery N. Charushin
1,3
1
I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, S. Kovalevskaya Str., 22, 620066 Ekaterinburg, Russia
2
Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Kuibysheva St. 48, 620026 Ekaterinburg, Russia
3
Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, Mira St. 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5271; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115271
Submission received: 16 April 2025 / Revised: 28 May 2025 / Accepted: 29 May 2025 / Published: 30 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics)

Abstract

We have designed novel push–pull systems based on CF3-substituted pyridines and pyrimidines. The photophysical properties of these new fluorophores have been examined using both absorption and emission spectral analyses in acetonitrile solutions and solid states. All fluorophores proved to exhibit moderate absolute quantum yields of up to 0.33 in solutions and up to 0.12 in solid states, depending on their specific structures. Most fluorophores have demonstrated significant aggregation-induced emission behavior, making them suitable as robust and low-toxicity bioimaging agents for bioimaging studies. Comparison with known dyes and studies on various cell cultures demonstrated the selectivity of the obtained push–pull systems for visualizing lipid droplets.
Keywords: pyridines; pyrimidines; aggregation-induced emission; lipid droplets; fluorescent probes pyridines; pyrimidines; aggregation-induced emission; lipid droplets; fluorescent probes

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chizhov, D.L.; Kvashnin, Y.A.; Demina, N.S.; Zhilina, E.F.; Minin, A.S.; Verbitskaia, N.A.; Dinastiia, E.M.; Rusinov, G.L.; Verbitskiy, E.V.; Charushin, V.N. Novel CF₃-Substituted Pyridine- and Pyrimidine-Based Fluorescent Probes for Lipid Droplet Bioimaging. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 5271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115271

AMA Style

Chizhov DL, Kvashnin YA, Demina NS, Zhilina EF, Minin AS, Verbitskaia NA, Dinastiia EM, Rusinov GL, Verbitskiy EV, Charushin VN. Novel CF₃-Substituted Pyridine- and Pyrimidine-Based Fluorescent Probes for Lipid Droplet Bioimaging. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025; 26(11):5271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115271

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chizhov, Dmitrii L., Yuriy A. Kvashnin, Nadezhda S. Demina, Ekaterina F. Zhilina, Artem S. Minin, Natalia A. Verbitskaia, Ekaterina M. Dinastiia, Gennady L. Rusinov, Egor V. Verbitskiy, and Valery N. Charushin. 2025. "Novel CF₃-Substituted Pyridine- and Pyrimidine-Based Fluorescent Probes for Lipid Droplet Bioimaging" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 11: 5271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115271

APA Style

Chizhov, D. L., Kvashnin, Y. A., Demina, N. S., Zhilina, E. F., Minin, A. S., Verbitskaia, N. A., Dinastiia, E. M., Rusinov, G. L., Verbitskiy, E. V., & Charushin, V. N. (2025). Novel CF₃-Substituted Pyridine- and Pyrimidine-Based Fluorescent Probes for Lipid Droplet Bioimaging. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(11), 5271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115271

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