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Article

Soluble Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells (sTREM) in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Pathway of sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 Associated with Disease Severity

by
Greta Salafia
1,
Angelica Carandina
1,
Roberto Maria Sacco
2,
Evelyn Ferri
3,
Nicola Montano
1,4,
Beatrice Arosio
1 and
Eleonora Tobaldini
1,4,*
1
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2023–2027, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
2
Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
3
Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
4
Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7611; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147611
Submission received: 7 May 2024 / Revised: 28 June 2024 / Accepted: 8 July 2024 / Published: 11 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research on Brain Injury)
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Abstract

In 2022, stroke emerged as the most significant cerebrovascular disorder globally, causing 6.55 million deaths. Microglia, crucial for CNS preservation, can exacerbate brain damage in ischemic stroke by triggering neuroinflammation. This process is mediated by receptors on microglia, triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1 and TREM-2), which have contrasting roles in neuroinflammation. In this study, we recruited 38 patients within 4.5 h from the onset of ischemic stroke. The degree of severity was evaluated by means of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission (T0) and after one week of ischemic events (TW) and the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at three months. The plasma concentration of TREMs (sTREM) was analyzed by next-generation ELISA at T0 and TW. The sTREM-1 concentrations at T0 were associated with mRS, while the sTREM-2 concentrations at T0 were associated with both the NIHSS at T0 and the mRS. A strong correlation between sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 was observed, suggesting a dependent modulation of the levels. This study provides insights into the potential pathway of TREM-1 and TREM-2 as a future biomarker for stratifying high-risk patients with ischemic stroke.
Keywords: ischemic stroke; neuroinflammation; soluble TREM-1; soluble TREM-2 ischemic stroke; neuroinflammation; soluble TREM-1; soluble TREM-2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Salafia, G.; Carandina, A.; Sacco, R.M.; Ferri, E.; Montano, N.; Arosio, B.; Tobaldini, E. Soluble Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells (sTREM) in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Pathway of sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 Associated with Disease Severity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147611

AMA Style

Salafia G, Carandina A, Sacco RM, Ferri E, Montano N, Arosio B, Tobaldini E. Soluble Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells (sTREM) in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Pathway of sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 Associated with Disease Severity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(14):7611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147611

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salafia, Greta, Angelica Carandina, Roberto Maria Sacco, Evelyn Ferri, Nicola Montano, Beatrice Arosio, and Eleonora Tobaldini. 2024. "Soluble Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells (sTREM) in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Pathway of sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 Associated with Disease Severity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 14: 7611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147611

APA Style

Salafia, G., Carandina, A., Sacco, R. M., Ferri, E., Montano, N., Arosio, B., & Tobaldini, E. (2024). Soluble Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid Cells (sTREM) in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Pathway of sTREM-1 and sTREM-2 Associated with Disease Severity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(14), 7611. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147611

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