Can Gram-Negative Bacteria Develop Resistance to Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment?

Rapacka-Zdonczyk, Aleksandra; Wozniak, Agata; Kruszewska, Beata; Waleron, Krzysztof; Grinholc, Mariusz

doi:10.3390/ijms222111579

Open AccessArticle

Can Gram-Negative Bacteria Develop Resistance to Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment?

by

Aleksandra Rapacka-Zdonczyk

^1,*,†

,

Agata Wozniak

^2,†

,

Beata Kruszewska

^1,2

,

Krzysztof Waleron

¹

and

Mariusz Grinholc

²

¹

Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, The Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland

²

Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11579; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111579

Submission received: 20 September 2021 / Revised: 18 October 2021 / Accepted: 24 October 2021 / Published: 27 October 2021

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Molecular Microbiology)

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Abstract

Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) treatment is considered low risk for the development of bacterial resistance and tolerance due to its multitarget mode of action. The aim of the current study was to demonstrate whether tolerance development occurs in Gram-negative bacteria. We evaluated the potential of tolerance/resistance development in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and demonstrated that representative Gram-negative bacteria may develop tolerance to aBL. The observed adaption was a stable feature. Assays involving E. coli K-12 tolC-, tolA-, umuD-, and recA-deficient mutants revealed some possible mechanisms for aBL tolerance development.

Keywords: antimicrobial blue light; resistance; tolerance; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rapacka-Zdonczyk, A.; Wozniak, A.; Kruszewska, B.; Waleron, K.; Grinholc, M. Can Gram-Negative Bacteria Develop Resistance to Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 11579. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111579

AMA Style

Rapacka-Zdonczyk A, Wozniak A, Kruszewska B, Waleron K, Grinholc M. Can Gram-Negative Bacteria Develop Resistance to Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(21):11579. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111579

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rapacka-Zdonczyk, Aleksandra, Agata Wozniak, Beata Kruszewska, Krzysztof Waleron, and Mariusz Grinholc. 2021. "Can Gram-Negative Bacteria Develop Resistance to Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21: 11579. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111579

APA Style

Rapacka-Zdonczyk, A., Wozniak, A., Kruszewska, B., Waleron, K., & Grinholc, M. (2021). Can Gram-Negative Bacteria Develop Resistance to Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(21), 11579. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111579

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Can Gram-Negative Bacteria Develop Resistance to Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment?

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