Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-D-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Dikici, Serkan; Yar, Muhammad; Bullock, Anthony J.; Shepherd, Joanna; Roman, Sabiniano; MacNeil, Sheila

doi:10.3390/ijms222111437

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Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-D-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

by

Serkan Dikici

^1,2,*

,

Muhammad Yar

³,

Anthony J. Bullock

²

,

Joanna Shepherd

⁴,

Sabiniano Roman

²

and

Sheila MacNeil

^2,*

¹

Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey

²

Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK

³

Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

⁴

School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11437; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111437

Submission received: 29 September 2021 / Revised: 20 October 2021 / Accepted: 21 October 2021 / Published: 23 October 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Bioinspired Materials for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications)

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Abstract

2-deoxy-D-Ribose (2dDR) was first identified in 1930 in the structure of DNA and discovered as a degradation product of it later when the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase breaks down thymidine into thymine. In 2017, our research group explored the development of wound dressings based on the delivery of this sugar to induce angiogenesis in chronic wounds. In this review, we will survey the small volume of conflicting literature on this and related sugars, some of which are reported to be anti-angiogenic. We review the evidence of 2dDR having the ability to stimulate a range of pro-angiogenic activities in vitro and in a chick pro-angiogenic bioassay and to stimulate new blood vessel formation and wound healing in normal and diabetic rat models. The biological actions of 2dDR were found to be 80 to 100% as effective as VEGF in addition to upregulating the production of VEGF. We then demonstrated the uptake and delivery of the sugar from a range of experimental and commercial dressings. In conclusion, its pro-angiogenic properties combined with its improved stability on storage compared to VEGF, its low cost, and ease of incorporation into a range of established wound dressings make 2dDR an attractive alternative to VEGF for wound dressing development.

Keywords: 2-deoxy-D-Ribose (2dDR); deoxy sugar; angiogenesis; wound healing; chronic wounds; wound dressing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dikici, S.; Yar, M.; Bullock, A.J.; Shepherd, J.; Roman, S.; MacNeil, S. Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-D-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 11437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111437

AMA Style

Dikici S, Yar M, Bullock AJ, Shepherd J, Roman S, MacNeil S. Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-D-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(21):11437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111437

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dikici, Serkan, Muhammad Yar, Anthony J. Bullock, Joanna Shepherd, Sabiniano Roman, and Sheila MacNeil. 2021. "Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-D-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21: 11437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111437

APA Style

Dikici, S., Yar, M., Bullock, A. J., Shepherd, J., Roman, S., & MacNeil, S. (2021). Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-D-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(21), 11437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111437

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Developing Wound Dressings Using 2-deoxy-D-Ribose to Induce Angiogenesis as a Backdoor Route for Stimulating the Production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

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