Mitochondrial Damage and Necroptosis in Aging Cochlea
by
Ah-Ra Lyu 1,2,†, Tae Hwan Kim 3,†, Sung Jae Park 1, Sun-Ae Shin 1,4, Seong-Hun Jeong 2, Yang Yu 1, Yang Hoon Huh 5
, A Reum Je 5, Min Jung Park 1,4,* and Yong-Ho Park 1,4,*
Ah-Ra Lyu 1,2,†, Tae Hwan Kim 3,†, Sung Jae Park 1, Sun-Ae Shin 1,4, Seong-Hun Jeong 2, Yang Yu 1, Yang Hoon Huh 5, A Reum Je 5, Min Jung Park 1,4,* and Yong-Ho Park 1,4,*
1
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
2
Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
3
Biomedical Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
4
Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
5
Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(7), 2505; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072505
Received: 2 March 2020 / Revised: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 2 April 2020 / Published: 3 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is presently untreatable. Previous studies using animal models have suggested mitochondrial damage and programmed cell death to be involved with ARHL. Thus, we further investigated the pathophysiologic role of mitochondria and necroptosis in aged C57BL/6J male mice. Aged mice (20 months old) exhibited a significant loss of hearing, number of hair cells, neuronal fibers, and synaptic ribbons compared to young mice. Ultrastructural analysis of aged cochleae revealed damaged mitochondria with absent or disorganized cristae. Aged mice also showed significant decrease in cochlear blood flow, and exhibited increase in gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and 3 (RIPK1 and RIPK3) and the pseudokinase mixed-lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL). Immunofluorescence (IF) assays of cytochrome C oxidase I (COX1) confirmed mitochondrial dysfunction in aged cochleae, which correlated with the degree of mitochondrial morphological damage. IF assays also revealed localization and increased expression of RIPK3 in sensorineural tissues that underwent significant necroptosis (inner and outer hair cells and stria vascularis). Together, our data shows that the aging cochlea exhibits damaged mitochondria, enhanced synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, and provides new evidence of necroptosis in the aging cochlea in in vivo.
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Keywords:
hearing loss; age-related; regional blood flow; mitochondria; necroptosis; cochlea
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lyu, A.-R.; Kim, T.H.; Park, S.J.; Shin, S.-A.; Jeong, S.-H.; Yu, Y.; Huh, Y.H.; Je, A.R.; Park, M.J.; Park, Y.-H. Mitochondrial Damage and Necroptosis in Aging Cochlea. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2505.
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